Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Benefits of an oxygen reservoir cannula versus a conventional nasal cannula during exercise in hypoxemic COPD patients: a crossover trial.
The Oxymizer® is a special nasal cannula that provides a higher luminal diameter in combination with an incorporated oxygen (O2) reservoir. It is assumed that a higher O2 concentration can be delivered breath by breath in order to increase oxygenation. ⋯ We show that O2 delivery via the Oxymizer is superior to a CNC with regard to endurance capacity and oxygenation during exercise in patients with severe COPD. It seems that patients with a higher demand for O2 (≥ 4 liters/min), in particular, may benefit more from the use of the Oxymizer.
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Pleural manometry can predict the presence of trapped lung and guide large-volume thoracentesis. The current technique for pleural manometry transduces pressure from the needle or intercostal catheter, necessitating intermittent cessation of fluid drainage at the time of pressure recordings. ⋯ Pleural manometry can be transduced from an epidural catheter passed through the drainage tube into the pleural space, which gives continuous recording of the pleural pressure throughout the procedure. This allows for automated calculation and display of the pleural pressure and PEL in real time, if the system is connected to a computer with appropriate software.
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The effectiveness of worksite interventions to reduce smoking is debatable. ⋯ A comprehensive smoking cessation intervention at the workplace achieves high, stable, long-term abstinence rates. Elderly, well-educated employees with breathlessness on exertion have higher odds of quitting smoking. In contrast, those with high physical dependency and more intense craving, and those reporting use of antidepressant medication or sputum production have poorer chances to quit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Exercise training-based pulmonary rehabilitation program is clinically beneficial for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, devastating, interstitial lung disease, with few therapeutic options. IPF is characterized by pulmonary restriction, dyspnea, hypoxemia, exercise intolerance and poor quality of life (QOL). ⋯ ET improves exercise tolerance, functional capacity, pulmonary function, dyspnea and QOL in patients with IPF, suggesting a short-term treatment efficacy for clinical improvement, and should be considered the standard care for IPF.
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Limited information is available regarding the factors related to short-term hospital admission following an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD). ⋯ Just a few easily recorded parameters may allow clinicians to identify patients at a higher risk of short-term readmission and establish preventive strategies.