Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and has a dismal prognosis. Median age at IPF onset is 60-70 years and it is mainly related to cigarette smoke exposure. Its clinical profile is heterogeneous and different clinical phenotypes are now better defined: familial IPF, slow and rapid progressors, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies/microscopic polyangiitis and IPF, and IPF associated with lung cancer. ⋯ However, less invasive procedures (transbronchial lung biopsy or even improved transbronchial lung biopsy by cryoprobes) are now under consideration. Prognostic indicators are mainly derived by pulmonary function tests. Recently, staging systems have been proposed.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Prediction of requirement for mechanical ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia with acute respiratory failure: a multicenter prospective study.
Several severity scoring systems for predicting mortality are established in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). ⋯ The results of this study suggest that the A-DROP scoring system could be a simple CAP risk scoring system which could predict not only mortality, but also the requirement for mechanical ventilation.
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Multicenter Study
Opium could be considered an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a case-control study.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and half of all incident lung cancers are believed to occur in the developing countries, including Iran. ⋯ This study demonstrated that smoking opium is associated with a high risk of lung cancer as an independent risk factor.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and ultimately fatal disease, with a highly variable course in individual patients. Episodes of rapid deterioration are not uncommon, often following a period of stability. In cases of uncertain etiology, with typical clinical and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features, the term 'acute exacerbation of IPF' (AE-IPF) has been coined to describe a combination of diffuse alveolar damage and preexisting usual interstitial pneumonia. ⋯ Acute exacerbations are less prevalent in other fibrotic lung diseases than in IPF and may have a better outcome, with the exception of acute exacerbations of rheumatoid lung. In AE-IPF, the exclusion of alternative causes of rapid deterioration, including heart failure and infection, is the main goal of investigation. Empirical high-dose corticosteroid steroid therapy is generally used in AE-IPF, without proven benefit.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing lung cancer: a randomized study.
Although rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) is widely used during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), its role remains unclear. ⋯ ROSE during EBUS-TBNA is associated with a significantly lower need for additional bronchoscopic procedures and puncture number.