Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Comparative Study
Methods of administering superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation and the associated risk for aspiration in a model of tracheal bleeding.
To determine the suitability of different superimposed high-frequency jet ventilation (SHFJV) application methods during tracheal bleeding. ⋯ SHFJV protects the lower respiratory tract from blood aspiration in case of tracheal bleeding. During SHFJV via the 4-lumen jet catheter, aspiration of blood only occurs if bleeding is localized cranial to the 4-lumen jet catheter ventilation. In case of heavy tracheal bleeding, the jet sources should be positioned cranial to the site of bleeding.
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A method of achieving endoscopic lung volume reduction for emphysema has been developed that utilizes precise amounts of thermal energy in the form of water vapor to ablate lung tissue. ⋯ Considering both total energy and vapor energy is important during the development of clinical vapor applications. For InterVapor, a closer study of both energy types justified a reduced target vapor-dosing range for lung volume reduction. The clinical implication is a potential improvement for benefiting the risk profile.
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The prevalence of cardiovascular mortality is high in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the identification of clinical parameters to improve risk stratification is of great interest. ⋯ Daily walking activity independently predicts levels of circulating MRproANP and MRproADM in stable COPD patients, two prognostic biomarkers of cardiac distress associated with long-term survival upon exacerbation of COPD. Employing activity monitors in the stable state might simplify risk stratification in daily living.
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Accurate interpretation of lung function testing requires appropriate reference values. Unfortunately, few African countries have produced spirometric reference values for their populations. ⋯ This study provides reference values for pulmonary function in a healthy, nonsmoking Rwandan population and enables comparisons to be made with other prediction equations from other populations. Spirometric reference values in our study were similar to those obtained in a study of black Americans by Hankinson et al.
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Breathing pattern description and chest wall kinematics during phonation have not been studied in male and female patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ⋯ Phonation imposes more abdominal breathing pattern changes in males and costal changes in females. Expiratory flow encroaches upon the MEFV curve with higher phonatory efforts and respiratory discomfort.