Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Leptin levels have been reported to be higher in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than in control subjects with matching age and body mass index (BMI). Although animal studies have shown that leptin augments hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), the effect of leptin on HCVR has not been clarified in OSA. ⋯ Leptin levels and HCVR are correlated as long as the eucapnic condition is maintained. We speculate that a stimulating effect of leptin on HCVR may be masked by the hypoventilation state.
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Clinical Trial
Impact of interventional bronchoscopy on quality of life in malignant airway obstruction.
Interventional bronchoscopic procedures can re-establish airway patency in the majority of individuals suffering from endobronchial obstruction. However, literature provides limited data on the impact of these procedures on the individual's quality of life (QoL). ⋯ Endoscopic procedures can effectively reduce dyspnea associated with malignant central airway obstruction, but this may not always translate into improvements in overall QoL. Administration of QoL questionnaires is feasible, and may help identify domains contributing to patient's decline, and thereby improve overall patient care.
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The determination of cytokine concentrations in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) may contribute to the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) since cytokines have been ascribed an important role in TB pathogenesis. ⋯ In cases of smear-negative TB, BALF TNF-alpha can be a useful tool to identify healthy subjects rather than smear-negative TB patients.
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In patients who are weaned with a tracheostomy tube (TT), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is frequently used. Dedicated CPAP systems or ventilators with bulky tubing are usually applied. However, CPAP can also be effective without a ventilator by the disposable Boussignac CPAP (BCPAP) system that is normally used with face masks. ⋯ BCPAP is a feasible and safe method for weaning tracheostomy patients.
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Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) can improve hypoxemia and reduce pulmonary hypertension, but there is a wide range of response to INO. ⋯ The optimal doses for improving oxygenation and reducing PAP differ. The maximum PaO(2)/FiO(2) was observed at a lower INO concentration than that required for the minimal MPAP. There was no further improvement in PaO(2)/FiO(2) when the INO dose was adjusted above 20 ppm. Higher doses of INO treatment worsened oxygenation.