Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Measurements in absolute terms of the whole respiratory movement pattern (range, type, symmetry, rhythm and frequency of breathing movements) of healthy individuals are valuable for reference, when assessing patients with conditions affecting respiration. ⋯ As men and women have similar breathing movements during quiet breathing their reference values can be combined. On the other hand, separate reference values are needed for men and women for deep breathing.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Efficacy of nebulized flunisolide combined with salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in stable patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The efficacy of nebulized corticosteroids in the prevention of exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been poorly studied. ⋯ Nebulized flunisolide is a good alternative to other inhaled corticosteroids when added to nebulized salbutamol/ipratropium bromide in the long-term treatment of moderate-to-severe COPD patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The effect of tiotropium on hyperinflation and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation, which results in the progressive development of dyspnea and exercise limitation. ⋯ Tiotropium 18 mug once daily reduced hyperinflation with consequent improvements in walking distance and HRQoL in patients with COPD and lung hyperinflation.
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Review Case Reports
Pulmonary fibrosis in hermansky-pudlak syndrome. a case report and review.
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare heterogeneously inherited autosomal recessive group of disorders presenting with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and pulmonary disease. HPS is thought to occur as a consequence of disturbed formation or trafficking of intracellular vesicles, most importantly, melanosomes, platelet dense granules and lysosomes. The latter finding, in particular, contributes much to the morbidity associated with the disease, as ceroid lipofuscin deposits in lysosomes affect many organ systems. ⋯ Pirfenidone, a novel compound with documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic effects, appears to hold promise in delaying or preventing fibrosis. To date, there has been one successful lung transplant performed on a patient with HPS. We present a patient with HPS and review the current literature on our understanding of this rare disorder.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk smokers.
Data suggest that women are more susceptible to develop airway obstruction compared to men for the same number of cigarettes smoked. ⋯ Using the GOLD criteria, the prevalence of COPD in smokers was higher than previous reports. In this self-selected sample of high-risk smokers having the same smoking history, prevalence was lower in women than in men, suggesting a lower susceptibility for the development of airway obstruction.