Clinical physiology and functional imaging
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Nov 2008
Comparative StudyComparison of different views with three-dimensional echocardiography: apical views offer superior visualization compared with parasternal and subcostal views.
Studies seeking to validate real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) with regard to cardiac function and dimensions have almost exclusively used apical views. However, it has never been examined whether apical views are preferable to parasternal or subcostal views. In the present study, we compared the feasibility of 3DE volumetric measurements of the four heart chambers in three different views. ⋯ Visualization of the right atrium was adequate in 31 (78%) patients, whereas the right ventricle was adequately visualized in only 12 (30%) patients. The apical view of 3DE provided superior visualization of all four heart chambers compared with the parasternal and subcostal views, when applying a slight off-axis approach for both ventricles when needed. Thus, in the present study, there was no incremental value of assessment of chamber volumes in the parasternal and subcostal views.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Nov 2008
Does a solitary lobar collapse give pressure-lung volume relationship similar to that found in acute respiratory distress syndrome? A porcine experimental study.
The underlying pathophysiology causing different shapes of static pressure-lung volume (PV) curves is not fully elucidated. In this study the aim was to examine the influence of a solitary lobar collapse on inflation-deflation PV curves. The hypothesis was that a lobar collapse would induce the same changes in the PV-curve as those found in experimental acute lung injury (ALI) and in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ⋯ PV curves of lungs with solitary lobar collapse are similar to those found in ALI/ARDS. Inspiratory LIP indicated start of recruitment, and expiratory curves did not indicate the pressure at which collapse occurred.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · May 2008
Impact of anaesthesia-surgery on D-dimer concentration and end-tidal CO2 and O2 in patients undergoing surgery associated with high risk for pulmonary embolism.
The exhaled end-tidal CO2/O2 ratio and the D-dimer concentration are diagnostic markers of pulmonary embolism (PE). ⋯ The stress impact of anaesthesia-surgery causes less change in end-tidal CO2/O2 compared with the D-dimer. Further work will be required to determine if end-tidal CO2/O2 can be used to monitor for postoperative PE.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · May 2008
Transoesophageal echocardiography should be considered in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
In this present study, we tried to find out if there is a subgroup of patients that should not undergo transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). ⋯ These results support TEE in patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA who are candidates for receiving oral anticoagulation.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Jan 2008
Effect of graded leg cycling on postischaemic forearm blood flow in healthy subjects.
This study assessed in healthy subjects, the effect of leg cycling on the forearm vascular responses to ischaemia to confirm previous results showing that exercise-induced sympathetic activation during leg cycling reduced postischaemic forearm hyperaemia. Seven young healthy subjects performed two bouts of cycling exercises at 50% and 80% of their maximal aerobic capacity (Ex(50), Ex(80) respectively) during which forearm arterial blood flow was successively occluded for 40, 90 and 180 s. Control forearm blood flow (FBF) and postischaemic forearm blood flow (pi-FBF) measured at the release of arterial occlusions were assessed using plethysmography. ⋯ During Ex(80), there was a further dramatic decrease in pi-FC (-53%, -66%, -62% from rest) and pi-FBF were largely blunted (13 +/- 4 versus 19 +/- 3, 14 +/- 4 versus 29 +/- 3, 17 +/- 5 versus 31 +/- 4 ml min(-1) 100 ml(-1)). These results demonstrated that forearm responses to ischaemia depended on leg activities. It was suggested that exercise-induced sympathetic activation may have interfered on local vasodilatation because of ischaemia.