Lancet neurology
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is caused by loss of CSF at the level of the spine. The most frequent symptom of this disorder is orthostatic headache, with the headache worsening in the upright position and subsiding after lying down. Neuroimaging has a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring spontaneous intracranial hypotension, because it provides objective (albeit often subtle) data despite the variable clinical syndromes and often normal lumbar puncture opening pressure associated with this disorder. ⋯ Searching for a CSF leak can be very difficult; the entire spine must be scrutinised for a dural breach often the size of a pin. Precisely locating the site of CSF leakage is fundamental to successful treatment, which includes a targeted epidural patch and surgical closure when conservative measures do not provide long-term relief. Increased awareness of spontaneous intracranial hypotension among clinicians highlights the need for dedicated diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines.
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Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is one of the most frequent causes of stroke worldwide and confers one of the greatest risks of recurrent stroke compared with other causes of stroke. Asymptomatic ICAS is increasingly recognised as a risk factor for silent brain infarctions and dementia, magnifying the global burden of ICAS. Although ICAS is a lumen-based diagnosis, newer diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high-resolution MRI, might help to identify high-risk population subgroups to test interventions that might reduce the risk of stroke recurrence. ⋯ Despite these therapies, the risk of recurrent stroke in patients presenting with stroke related to 70-99% ICAS exceeds 20% at 1 year; as such, better therapies are urgently needed. The optimal duration and combination of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with ICAS is uncertain and is being investigated in addition to low-dose anticoagulation and aspirin. Other ongoing or planned studies will provide high-quality observational data on the role of transluminal angioplasty and stenting, submaximal balloon angioplasty alone, direct or indirect arterial bypass, and ischaemic conditioning for prevention of stroke in patients with ICAS.
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Observational Study
Soluble TREM2 in CSF and its association with other biomarkers and cognition in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal observational study.
Therapeutic modulation of TREM2-dependent microglial function might provide an additional strategy to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although studies in animal models suggest that TREM2 is protective against Alzheimer's pathology, its effect on tau pathology and its potential beneficial role in people with Alzheimer's disease is still unclear. Our aim was to study associations between the dynamics of soluble TREM2, as a biomarker of TREM2 signalling, and amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, tau-related pathology, neuroimaging markers, and cognitive decline, during the progression of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. ⋯ German Research Foundation, US National Institutes of Health.
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Comment Letter
Detection of ionising radiation by the CNS: a case report.