Ugeskrift for laeger
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Cervical epidural anaesthesia (CEA) is a method suitable for regional anaesthesia of the upper extremity. CEA seems useful for postoperative pain relief after surgery in the shoulder region or both upper extremities, especially when the postoperative pain relief must be long lasting (days), and when it is desirable that the patient be able to actively move his affected joints during rehabilitation. Potential side effects of the method are respiratory- and haemodynamic changes. Thus, CEA is inappropriate for patients with severe respiratory disease, and in patients for whom extensive sympathetic block may prove disastrous (e.g. congestive heart failure, hypovolaemia).
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Complications associated with epidural anaesthesia include accidental intravascular or subarachnoid epidural catheter misplacement resulting in systemic toxicity and total spinal block, respectively. Epidural test doses are used routinely to prevent these events. ⋯ The ability of the epidural test dose to detect subarachnoid injection remains unknown. Studies are needed to determine 1) the reliability of the epidural test dose among different groups of patients, 2) the safety of the test dose, and 3) the incidence of epidural catheter misplacements.
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Two cases of amylnitrite poisoning are presented. In both cases, severe methaemoglobinemia developed after ingestion of approximately 10 ml of amylnitrite. ⋯ Within one hour the condition of both patients had improved dramatically, and blood gas-samples had normalised. In cases of cyanosis with no obvious genesis, poisoning with amylnitrite should be considered.
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Jun 1998
Review[Lung physiotherapy as prophylaxis against atelectasis and pneumonia after abdominal surgery].
Postoperative pulmonary complications play a significant role for the postoperative morbidity after abdominal surgery. To prevent this, an array of methods, such as lung physiotherapy, incentive spirometry, or mask treatment with positive airway pressure are used. ⋯ Thus, we recommend lung physiotherapy as prophylactic treatment after abdominal surgery. The value of optimized pain alleviation and mobilisation in addition to lung physiotherapy should be evaluated in future trials.