Ugeskrift for laeger
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Aug 2008
Comparative Study[Life expectancy and mortality in Denmark compared to Sweden. What is the effect of smoking and alcohol?].
For many years life expectancy in Denmark has improved less than in other comparable western countries, e.g. Sweden. An unhealthy life style, in particular the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, has often been mentioned as a possible explanation. ⋯ A very substantial part of the Danish excess mortality and low life expectancy compared to Sweden can be attributed to high mortality related to alcohol and tobacco consumption. A reduction of this difference in life expectancy does not seem realistic without a reduction in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol.
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This article summarizes the current level of evidence for cost-effectiveness in lumbar spinal fusion. Several economic evaluations have recently been conducted alongside randomized controlled trials, but choices of populations and comparators are diverse. Overall, cost-effectiveness depends on clinical outcomes, but there is some evidence that the best technology leads to extra-hospital cost-savings. The optimal technique, therefore, remains a clinical research question.