Traffic injury prevention
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
The effects of cyclists present at rural intersections on speed behavior and workload of car drivers: a driving simulator study.
The objective was to gain insight into how the number of cyclists, the cyclist's approach direction, and the cyclist's action affect the speed and mental workload of drivers approaching rural intersections. In addition, the effects of a speed-reducing measure on the interaction between cyclists and motorized traffic were examined. ⋯ Although drivers have the right of way at rural intersections, drivers' speed behavior was affected by the number and action of cyclists. From a road safety point of view, driving speeds at rural intersections need to be further reduced to limit the seriousness of potential conflicts between cyclists and motorized traffic.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
Concussion, Diffuse Axonal Injury, and AIS4+ Head Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes.
This is a descriptive study of the annual incidence of brain injuries in motor vehicle crashes by type, seat belt use, and crash severity (delta V) using national accident data. The risk for concussion, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), and severe head injury was determined. ⋯ Concussions occur in about one out of 61 occupants in tow-away crashes. The risk was highest in rollover crashes (4.73 ± 1.09%) and it was reduced 69.2% by seat belt use. Severe brain injuries occurred less often and the risk was also reduced by seat belt use.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
Effect of aging on brain injury prediction in rotational head trauma--a parameter study with a rat finite element model.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of age-related intracranial changes on the potential outcome of diffuse axonal injuries and acute subdural hematoma under rotational head loading. ⋯ The findings presented in this study suggest that age-specific injury thresholds should be developed to enable the development of superior restraint systems for the elderly. The findings also motivate other further studies on age-dependency of head trauma.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
Comparative StudyComparative analysis of risky behaviors of electric bicycles at signalized intersections.
The primary objective of this study was to compare the risky behaviors of e-bike, e-scooter, and bicycle riders as they were crossing signalized intersections. ⋯ Compared to e-bike and bicycle riders, e-scooter riders are more likely to take risky behaviors. More specifically, they are more likely to ride in motorized lanes and ride against traffic.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2015
Finite element model prediction of pulmonary contusion in vehicle-to-vehicle simulations of real-world crashes.
Pulmonary contusion (PC) is a common chest injury following motor vehicle crash (MVC). Because this injury has an inflammatory component, studying PC in living subjects is essential. Medical and vehicle data from the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database were utilized to examine pulmonary contusion in case occupants with known crash parameters. ⋯ A preliminary threshold for maximum crush was calculated to predict a clinically significant volume of pulmonary contusion.