Expert review of vaccines
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Expert review of vaccines · Jun 2009
ReviewChallenges and progress in the development of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine.
Serogroup B meningococci cause the majority of the meningococcal disease burden in developed countries. Production of an effective and safe vaccine for serogroup B organisms has been hampered by the poor immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide that defines this group of bacteria. ⋯ However, the search for a universal vaccine against endemic polyclonal serogroup B meningococcal disease continues. In this review, we have highlighted recent development of outer membrane vesicle vaccines and progress in the evaluation of recombinant outer membrane protein vaccines.
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Expert review of vaccines · Jan 2009
Review Comparative StudyIMVAMUNE: modified vaccinia Ankara strain as an attenuated smallpox vaccine.
Smallpox vaccines based on replicating vaccinia virus are known to elicit rare yet serious adverse events, particularly in human populations with immune deficiency, atopic dermatitis and at the extremes of age. A vaccine that induces protective immune responses equivalent to first-generation smallpox vaccines while reducing the risk for severe adverse events is critical for a national stockpile of smallpox vaccines. ⋯ IMVAMUNE has been administered to more than 1900 human subjects to date, including high-risk populations (e.g., people diagnosed with atopic dermatitis or infected with HIV) in which standard replicating vaccines are contraindicated. We review the Phase I clinical trial safety profile and immune responses and compare them with other smallpox vaccines, including ACAM2000 and Dryvax.
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Expert review of vaccines · Jan 2009
ReviewOral polio vaccines and their role in polio eradication in India.
Although the oral polio vaccine has reduced the incidence of polio in India, the current polio scenario indicates that oral polio vaccine cannot eradicate polio from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, two states that have approximately 32% of the total Indian population and report more than 96% of polio cases that occur in India. Poor response to oral polio vaccine by some children from these two states could be due to genetic factors. Thus, for polio eradication in India, inactivated polio vaccine is needed.
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Expert review of vaccines · Dec 2008
ReviewAS04-adjuvanted human papillomavirus-16/18 vaccination: recent advances in cervical cancer prevention.
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and -18 accounts for over 70% of all cases of cervical cancer. Vaccination against these HPV types has become a reality. This article discusses the latest data available for Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals), an AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine, and considers immunological factors important in vaccine effectiveness. ⋯ Significant crossprotection against incident and persistent infection has been observed, notably against HPV-45, the third most prevalent HPV type in cervical cancer. An integrated safety summary of Phase II/III trials has shown that GlaxoSmithKline's HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine is generally safe. Further studies will reveal the full duration and extent of the immune response and protection induced by Cervarix in broad populations and age ranges of women.