Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyRole of sevoflurane in organ protection during cardiac surgery in children: a randomized controlled trial.
The protective effects of volatile anaesthetics against ischaemia-reperfusion injury have been shown in vitro, but clinical studies have yielded variable results. We hypothesized that, in children, sevoflurane provides superior cardioprotection after cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) compared with totally intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). ⋯ Sevoflurane did not provide superior myocardial protection in our general paediatric cardiac surgical population. In children under 6 months, however, sevoflurane might be beneficial in comparison with midazolam. The conditioning effects of sevoflurane in specific paediatric subgroups need to be further investigated.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialThe dose-related effects of dexmedetomidine on renal functions and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Acute kidney failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a serious complication that increases morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and prevention of this complication are very important. A novel biomarker named neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can play an important role in early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Recent studies on the favourable effects of Dexmedetomidine on cardiac surgery have been published. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a dose-dependent positive effect of Dexmedetomidine on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and renal functions when used after CABG. ⋯ In our study, we found that Dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation after CABG under cardiopulmonary bypass can be useful in the prevention of kidney injury. Conventional renal function tests, including blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine output and creatinine clearance rate measurements typically may not detect the development of acute kidney dysfunction in the first 48-h postoperative period. Differences were detected in renal function in the early postoperative period and the development of acute kidney injury, as determined by measurements of blood NGAL levels, was significant and dose-dependent.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA home-made animal model in comparison with a standard manikin for teaching percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy.
As airway management specialists, thoracic surgeons should be familiar with percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. To optimize the learning curve, we propose a home-made pig model obtained from a slaughterhouse for training residents in the technical aspects of performing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. The satisfaction of the residents' training experience using this model was compared with that using a standard manikin model. ⋯ Our pig model allowed residents to develop the skills required for successful percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. In particular, they developed confidence with certain manoeuvres such as needle and guide-wire placement, dilatation of the trachea and insertion of a cannula, before attempting the procedure on a live patient.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Feb 2015
Venous cannula performance assessment in a realistic caval tree model.
A new caval tree system was designed for realistic in vitro simulation. The objective of our study was to assess cannula performance for virtually wall-less versus standard percutaneous thin-walled venous cannulas in a setting of venous collapse in case of negative pressure. ⋯ Our in vitro water test was able to mimic a negative pressure situation, where the wall-less cannula design performs better compared with the traditional thin-wall cannula.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Feb 2015
Surgical embolectomy for intermediate-risk acute pulmonary embolism.
Recent series reported excellent results of surgical embolectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism with mortality rates of about 5-9% (range 0-13%). However, very low mortality of patients receiving medical treatment for intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (1.5 and 2.8% at 7 and 30 days, respectively) was recently reported. Thus, we would like to challenge the indication for surgical embolectomy in the subset of intermediate-risk patients.