Journal of women's health
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Journal of women's health · Jun 2024
Tubal Sterilization and Cervical Cancer Underscreening in the United States.
Background: Tubal sterilization is more commonly utilized by racial/ethnic minority groups and has been implicated in underscreening for cervical cancer. The objective is to determine if prior tubal sterilization is a risk factor for cervical cancer underscreening. Methods: National Survey of Family Growth dataset from 2015 to 2019 used for analysis; data were weighted to represent the 72 million women in the U. ⋯ In multivariable analyses, women with a tubal sterilization 5 or more years ago had 2.64 times the odds (95% confidence interval = 1.75-4.00) of being underscreened for cervical cancer compared with women who did not have a tubal sterilization. Conclusions: Approximately 4.3 million women ages 22-49 in the United States are potentially underscreened for cervical cancer and women with previous tubal ligation ≥5 years ago are more likely to be underscreened. These results may inform the need for culturally sensitive public health messages informing people who have had these procedures about the need for continued screening.
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Journal of women's health · Jun 2024
ReviewClinical Updates in Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2024.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to increase in the United States with more than 2.5 million cases of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2022. Untreated STIs in women can lead to adverse outcomes, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and pregnancy complications such as ectopic pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, stillbirth, and neonatal transmission. STI-related guidelines can be complex and are frequently updated, making it challenging to stay informed on current guidance. ⋯ Additionally, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists now recommends syphilis screening three times during pregnancy regardless of risk-at the first prenatal visit, during the third trimester, and at delivery. In addition, new guidance to support consideration for extragenital screening for gonorrhea and chlamydia in women at sites such as the anus and pharynx is discussed. Other topics include the most recent chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and pelvic inflammatory disease treatment recommendations; screening and treatment guidance for Mycoplasma genitalium; genital herpes screening indications and current diagnostic challenges; and the diagnosis and management of mpox in women and during pregnancy.
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Journal of women's health · Jun 2024
Nutrition Education and Nutrition Knowledge Among Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents.
Background: Nutrition in pregnancy is a component of the Council on Resident Education in obstetrics and gynecology core curriculum; however, no studies currently examine adherence to this goal. Objectives: Our objective was to assess obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents' education and knowledge surrounding nutrition in pregnancy, including (1) amount of dedicated didactic time to and attitudes toward, (2) subjective comfort in counseling patients on, and (3) objective knowledge of pregnancy-related nutrition. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional electronic survey-based study. ⋯ On assessment of residents' objective knowledge of pregnancy-related nutrition, mean percentage of correct responses was 74%. Conclusions: This study identifies a gap in graduate medical education, specifically a disconnect between the recognized impact of nutrition on pregnancy outcomes and residents' ability to confidently and effectively counsel patients on nutrition in pregnancy. Results demonstrate a need to develop curriculum and interventions to educate Ob/Gyn residents about pregnancy-related nutrition.
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Journal of women's health · Jun 2024
Causal Pathways Between the Acute Experience of Violence During Pregnancy and Fetal Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Cohort Study.
Introduction: Violence during pregnancy (VDP) is a prevalent global issue with dire consequences for the mother and the developing fetus. These consequences include prematurity, low birthweight, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but its pathways remain elusive. This study investigated the causal pathways between VDP and IUGR using mediation analysis. ⋯ Conclusion: The acute experience of violence during pregnancy was associated with IUGR, primarily via a direct pathway. An indirect effect was also present but not mediated through the variables analyzed in this study. The robust strength of these associations underscores the negative health consequences of violence against women for the succeeding generation.
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Journal of women's health · Jun 2024
Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Women Planning to Undergo Hysterectomy for Uterine Leiomyoma and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Introduction: Leiomyomas are associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), but more specific characterization of their impact on LUTS is needed. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 202 participants (101 per group) who underwent hysterectomy for leiomyomas versus abnormal uterine bleeding nonclassified (AUB-N) from July 2015 to May 2019. Baseline demographics, leiomyoma characteristics, and presence of baseline LUTS were collected. ⋯ Conclusion: LUTS are prevalent in those planning hysterectomy for leiomyoma and AUB-N. Leiomyomas >6 cm are associated with the presence of LUTS. Future studies should evaluate change in LUTS following hysterectomy for leiomyomas.