Medicina clinica
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Primary aldosteronism is associated with higher cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality than essential hypertension in age- and sex-matched patients with the same degree of blood pressure elevation. Therefore, it is essential to establish a specific treatment to avoid the deleterious effects of aldosterone excess. ⋯ Among them, in this review we mention the limited experience and efficacy, and the potential risks of adrenal vein sampling; the risks and low efficacy of adrenalectomy; the high safety and efficacy of medical treatment and some special situations such as primary aldosteronism during pregnancy, in patients of advanced age or hereditary forms of primary aldosteronism, in which medical treatment is considered especially indicated as the first line therapy. The main studies comparing medical and surgical treatment in primary aldosteronism are also discussed.
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A recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs in the worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can mediate coronavirus entry into host cells. Therefore, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) were suspected of contributing to the increase of coronavirus infection. We aimed to analyze the effects of RASI in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. ⋯ Through the analysis of this small sample, RASI could be deemed safe and effective to control high blood pressure of COVID-19 patients. Further analysis with a larger sampling size is required to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Letter Case Reports
Relationship between obesity, diabetes and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.