Medicina clinica
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Diabetes mellitus and sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome appear to be related, but it is not well defined whether there is an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy in patients with both diseases. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review. ⋯ The observed results suggest a relationship between diabetes mellitus and sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome in the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy.
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Primary membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease and the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. About 70%-80% of cases are caused by anti-PLA2R antibodies. Its association with anti-THSD7A antibodies and other autoantibodies has also been described. ⋯ In this narrative review, we update key concepts about the pathogenesis, autoantibody-based diagnosis, and kidney biopsy findings in primary membranous nephropathy. In addition, we propose a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm, including guidance on monitoring the response to therapy. We compare the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments, including rituximab and new biological agents, and identify unmet clinical needs.