JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
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JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · Feb 2016
ReviewPrevalence of Underprescription or Overprescription of Energy Needs in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Adults as Determined by Indirect Calorimetry: A Systematic Literature Review.
Underfeeding and overfeeding has been associated with adverse patient outcomes. Resting energy expenditure can be measured using indirect calorimetry. In its absence, predictive equations are used. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the prevalence of underprescription and overprescription of energy needs in adult mechanically ventilated critically ill patients by comparing predictive equations to indirect calorimetry measurements. ⋯ Large discrepancies exist between predictive equation estimates and indirect calorimetry measurements in individuals and groups. Further research is needed to determine the influence of indirect calorimetry and predictive equation limitations in contributing to these observed differences.
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JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · Jan 2016
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy of Glutamine-Enriched Nutrition Support for Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis.
Plasma glutamine (Gln) level has been negatively correlated with the severity of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Although Gln is widely used today, the results of individual randomized controlled trials of Gln-enriched nutrition support for patients with SAP are conflicting. ⋯ Gln-enriched nutrition support is superior to conventional methods for SAP, and intravenous infusion may be a better choice for drug administration.
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JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · Jan 2016
Multicenter Study Observational StudyClinical Outcomes Related to Protein Delivery in a Critically Ill Population: A Multicenter, Multinational Observation Study.
Optimal intake of energy and protein is associated with improved outcomes, although outcomes relative to protein intake are very limited. Our purpose was to evaluate the impact of prescribed protein delivery on mortality and time to discharge alive (TDA) using data from the International Nutrition Survey 2013. We hypothesized that greater protein delivery would be associated with lower mortality and shorter TDA. ⋯ Achieving at least 80% of prescribed protein intake may be important to survival and shorter TDA in ICU patients. Efforts to achieve prescribed protein intake should be maximized.
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JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · Jan 2016
Current Status of Nutrition Training in Graduate Medical Education From a Survey of Residency Program Directors: A Formal Nutrition Education Course Is Necessary.
Nutrition leaders surmised graduate medical nutrition education was not well addressed because most medical and surgical specialties have insufficient resources to teach current nutrition practice. A needs assessment survey was constructed to determine resources and commitment for nutrition education from U.S. graduate medical educators to address this problem. ⋯ Nutrition education in current graduate medical education is poor. Most programs lack the expertise or time commitment to teach a formal course but recognize the need to meet educational requirements. A broad-based, diverse universal program is needed for training in nutrition during residency.