Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
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In 2017 and 2018, Food and Drug Administration has approved YESCARTA (axicabtagene ciloleucel) and KYMRIAH (tisagenlecleucel), two chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cell products, for B-cell malignancies. It also marked a watershed moment in the development of immunotherapies for cancer. ⋯ With the growing consideration of the biological responses in the interaction of human immunity, the major technical obstacles such as on-target off-tumor toxicity in widespread solid tumors, antigenic heterogeneity, adaptive resistance, difficult T-cell (CD4/CD8) trafficking, and immunosuppressive environments in CNS are gradually approached and ameliorated. The new spotlights of this review are focusing on current development, and emerging treatments for pediatric CNS tumors integrating molecular research with the mainstream of CAR-T therapeutic strategies to sketch a main axis and pathway forward in the improvement of novel gene-modified-based cellular platform.
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The indocyanine green 15-minute retention (ICG-r15) test was considered as a noninvasive marker of esophageal varices (EV) in cirrhotic patients. However, the performance of ICG-r15 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has rarely been assessed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of ICG-r15 as a noninvasive marker of EV in patients with HCC. ⋯ ICG-r15 is a practical noninvasive marker with cutoff values of 9.5% for excluding EV and 31.0% for identifying EV in patients with HCC.
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Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the rapid evolution of cancer treatment, chemotherapy remains the mainstay in the management of cancer. Chemotherapy can result in various adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which may lead to hospitalization and even life-threatening side-effects. Hematologic ADRs are among the most severe forms of ADR following chemotherapy, as they generally lead to hospitalization. It is important to realize the predictors and outcome of hematologic ADRs in cancer patients. ⋯ Severe outcomes of hematologic ADRs may increase healthcare costs and decrease patient productivity. Therefore, the determinants of ADR-related hospitalization identified in this study may help improve the quality of healthcare for cancer patients.
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The pandemic infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is widely increasing the patients affiliated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from last December of 2019. It is reported that the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed to be angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ⋯ Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4), a well-known anti-diabetic drug, has been widely used to control the glycemic condition in patients with diabetes. In this article, we are focusing on the impact of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) and DPP4 inhibitors used on SARS-CoV-2 activity and discussions about those drugs that may be related to infectious condition of COVID-19 diseases.