Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
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J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) · Nov 2014
Comparative StudyServices provided by community pharmacies in Wayne County, Michigan: a comparison by ZIP code characteristics.
To document the availability of selected pharmacy services and out-of-pocket cost of medication throughout a diverse county in Michigan and to assess possible associations between availability of services and price of medication and characteristics of residents of the ZIP codes in which the pharmacies were located. ⋯ Disparities in the cost of generic levothyroxine, the availability of services such as discount generic drug programs, hours of operation, and pharmacy-based immunization services are evident based on race and household income within this diverse metropolitan county.
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J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) · Sep 2014
Multicenter Study Observational StudyImproving outcomes for diverse populations disproportionately affected by diabetes: final results of Project IMPACT: Diabetes.
To improve key indicators of diabetes care by expanding a proven community-based model of care throughout high-risk areas in the United States. ⋯ Diabetes results show significant improvement in patients' clinical outcomes and demonstrate that all patients, even those with tremendous barriers to appropriate diabetes care, benefit from patient-centered, interdisciplinary health care teams that include pharmacists.
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To examine the impact of rural residence and primary care site on use of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) and to describe the use of clinical telepharmacy within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care system. ⋯ We identified a potential disparity between rural and urban patients' access to CPS, which was largely explained by greater reliance on community clinics for primary care than on medical centers. Future research is needed to determine if this disparity will be alleviated by emerging organizational changes, including expanding telehealth capacity and integrating pharmacists into primary care teams, and whether lessons learned at VHA translate to other settings.