Circulation
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Role of coronary collaterals in off-pump and on-pump coronary bypass surgery.
Collaterals limit infarct size, preserve viability, and reduce mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In patients with stable coronary disease, collaterals are associated with less angina and ischemia during angioplasty and fewer ischemic events during follow-up. The role of collaterals has not been studied in patients undergoing off-pump or on-pump bypass surgery. ⋯ Collaterals protect against perioperative myocardial infarction during off-pump surgery but not during on-pump surgery and are associated with a better 1-year event-free survival.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Single-arm study of bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin for patients at risk of arterial embolism who require temporary interruption of warfarin.
When warfarin is interrupted for surgery, low-molecular-weight heparin is often used as bridging therapy. However, this practice has never been evaluated in a large prospective study. This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin initiated out of hospital. ⋯ Bridging therapy with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin is feasible; however, the optimal approach for the management of patients who require temporary interruption of warfarin to have invasive procedures is uncertain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Nesiritide does not improve renal function in patients with chronic heart failure and worsening serum creatinine.
Nesiritide (synthetic human brain natriuretic peptide) is approved for the treatment of symptomatic heart failure. However, studies of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure have come to conflicting conclusions about effects on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow, natriuresis, and diuresis. ⋯ Nesiritide did not improve renal function in patients with decompensated heart failure, mild chronic renal insufficiency, and renal function that had worsened compared with baseline. The lack of effect may be related to renal insufficiency, hemodynamic alterations, sodium balance, severity of heart failure, or drug dose. Understanding the importance of these issues will permit effective and appropriate use of nesiritide.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Value of delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in predicting myocardial viability after surgical revascularization.
Despite the accepted utility of delayed-enhancement MRI in identifying irreversible myocardial injury, no study has yet assessed its role as a viability tool exclusively in the setting of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and no study has repeated delayed-enhancement MRI late after revascularization. In a clinical trial in which patients underwent CABG by either the off-pump or on-pump surgical technique, we hypothesized that (1) preoperative delayed-enhancement MRI would have high diagnostic accuracy in predicting viability and (2) the occurrence of perioperative myocardial necrosis would affect late regional wall motion recovery. ⋯ Delayed-enhancement MRI is a powerful predictor of myocardial viability after surgery, suggesting an important role for this technique in clinical viability assessment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Soluble human complement receptor 1 limits ischemic damage in cardiac surgery patients at high risk requiring cardiopulmonary bypass.
This study was undertaken to determine whether soluble human complement receptor type 1 (TP10), a potent inhibitor of complement activation, would reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). ⋯ TP10 effectively inhibits complement activation during CPB; however, this was not associated with an improvement in the primary endpoint of the study. Nevertheless, TP10 did significantly decrease the incidence of mortality and MI in male patients.