Acta neurochirurgica
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1997
Quantitative cerebral blood flow and metabolism determination in the first 48 hours after severe head injury with a new dynamic SPECT device.
To determine cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism in the acute phase after severe head injury by a new dynamic SPECT device using 133Xenon and to evaluate a possible role of CBF and metabolism in the determination of prognosis. ⋯ CBF in the first 48 hours after trauma varies within a large range of values and is not correlated with severity and prognosis. Clinical evaluation with GCS and CMRO2 are much more reliable indicators of severity of head trauma and have a significant role in the determination of prognosis. F/O ration is significantly altered from normal values confirming "post-traumatic hypofrontalism" but does not correlate with severity and prognosis.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1996
Review Case Reports Comparative StudyComplications after multidisciplinary treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.
A series of 67 patients treated for cerebral AVMs with a multidisciplinary approach is reported, with special attention for the complications due to treatment. The malformations were classified after the Spetzler Grading Scale, with 67% low-grade and 33% high-grade AVMs. Three modes of treatment were used: surgical resection, endovascular embolization, and radiosurgery (linear accelerator technique). The actual treatment was: resection alone (25% of cases), embolization plus resection (24%), embolization alone (21%), and radiosurgery (30%), either alone or after embolization or surgery. The following eradication rates were obtained: overall 80%, after resection (with or without embolization) 91%, after embolization alone 13%, after radiosurgery 87%. ⋯ According the authors' experience, the emphasis of treatment for cerebral AVMs has now shifted from surgical resection to endovascular embolization. One of the explanations is that endovascular techniques are now employed in the most difficult cases (high grade AVMs). As severe complications of endovascular embolization may also occur for low-grade malformations, the question arises whether surgery or radiosurgery should not be used first for this low-grade group even if embolization is feasible.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1996
Case ReportsDirect anterior fixation of odontoid fractures with a hollow spreading screw system.
Direct fixation of odontoid fractures has the advantage of preserving rotation in the atlanto-axial motion segment. Early mobilisation of patients and minor intra-operative trauma increase the value of this technique. The original screw method of Nakanishi, Magerl, and Böhler, was improved by Knöringer who designed a double-threaded screw for direct fixation of dens axis fractures. ⋯ With the HSS system, ca. 12% postoperative complications, such as slight reduction of head rotation or neck pain, were found. These results are virtually equal to the results of the double-screw technique. Since a relatively simple technical procedure is required for placement of the screw, the HSS system can be recommended in all cases of odontoid fractures suitable for direct anterior fixation.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1996
The role of the coagulation cascade in brain edema formation after intracerebral hemorrhage.
The coagulation cascade has a potential role in brain edema formation due to intracerebral hemorrhage. In this study blood and other solutions were injected stereotactically into the right basal ganglia in rats. Twenty-four hours following injection, brain water and ion contents were measured to determine the amount of brain edema. ⋯ The single component responsible for production of brain edema in all these models was thrombin. The edema was formed in response to a fibrinogen-independent pathway. These results indicate that the coagulation cascade is involved in brain edema that develops adjacent to an intracerebral hematoma.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1996
Changes in lCBF, morphology and related parameters by fluid percussion injury.
We investigated the pathophysiological and morphological responses of anaesthetized rats to fluid percussion brain injury generated by an original midline fluid percussion injury device. Following different grades of trauma, lCBF was measured continuously in the right parietal cortex through a burr hole using laser Doppler flowmeter, and physiological parameters were monitored. Pathological changes also were evaluated microscopically. ⋯ The distribution and extent of blood-brain barrier disruption and small haemorrhages also correlated with the magnitude of the injury. The number of neurons decreased significantly in both hippocampi by 2 weeks following moderate trauma. The four patterns of lCBF changes demonstrated in the present study, as well as the other responses to injury, may be useful for studying graded models of various diffuse brain injuries.