Pharmacology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of hemodynamics after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia between decubitus and sitting positions in aged patients undergoing total hip replacement.
To compare the hemodynamics after combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) between decubitus and sitting positions in aged patients undergoing total hip replacement. ⋯ For aged patients undergoing total hip replacement, CSEA is safer and more effective in the sitting position than in decubitus position.
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Recent studies have suggested that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) affect the postoperative analgesic efficacy of opioids and their side effects. In this study, we assessed the association between SNPs in the OPRM1 gene and intraoperative remifentanil consumption as well as perioperative side effects during gynecological hysteroscopic surgery in women from Northern China. ⋯ SNP rs558025 in the OPRM1 gene was associated with intraoperative remifentanil consumption during gynecological hysteroscopic surgery in our subjects.
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It is significant for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to receive prehospital emergency treatment as early as possible to reduce mortality. Therefore, a new prefilled multi-drug injector was developed to improve the treatment of TBI. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone (DXM) and nefopam using the injector to investigate the significance of drug interactions and the necessity of dose adjustment. ⋯ These results indicate that the co-administration of DXM and nefopam using the prefilled multi-drug injector significantly alters some pharmacokinetic parameters of nefopam and has a minor effect on DXM pharmacokinetics.
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As previously reported, magnesium ions (Mg(2+)) administered in relatively low doses markedly potentiated opioid analgesia in neuropathic pain, in which the effectiveness of opioids is limited. Considering that Mg(2+) behaves like an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, the effect of this ion on the analgesic action of morphine was compared with that of MK-801. ⋯ Furthermore, if these drugs (i.e. magnesium sulphate and MK-801) were applied concomitantly, a clear additive effect on the analgesic action of morphine occurred in both models of pain. Possible explanations of these observations are discussed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, noninferiority comparison of 14 days' treatment with oral olopatadine 10 mg or cetirizine 10 mg in Chinese adults with cutaneous pruritus.
To assess whether olopatadine hydrochloride (OH) was noninferior to cetirizine in the treatment of cutaneous pruritus (CP). ⋯ The efficacy of OH was noninferior to that of cetirizine in controlling itching indicating that it can be considered as a clinically relevant alternative therapy to cetirizine for the management of CP in adult Chinese patients.