Journal of pediatric urology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation in pediatric overactive bladder: A preliminary report.
Non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) is a common problem in children that may affect their quality of life. Various methods of neuromodulation have been reported to treat refractory lower urinary tract dysfunction. Since most of these techniques are invasive, they are less applicable in children. ⋯ Transcutaneous PTNS is superior to placebo in treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder in children. In view of its effectiveness and acceptability we believe that transcutaneous PTNS should be part of pediatric urology armamentarium for treatment of OAB.
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The Emergency Department (ED) is being increasingly utilized as a pathway for management of acute conditions such as the urinary tract infections (UTIs). ⋯ In children presenting to the ED with a primary diagnosis of UTI, total ED charges are increasing at an alarming rate not commensurate with the increase in overall ED visits. While the preponderance of children presenting to the ED for UTI are treated and discharged, 4.7% of patients were admitted to the hospital for further management. The strongest predictors of inpatient admission were pyelonephritis, younger age, male gender, higher comorbidity status, and concurrent hydronephrosis, stone disease, or sepsis. Managing these at-risk patients more aggressively in the outpatient setting may prevent unnecessary ED visits and subsequent hospitalizations, and reduce associated healthcare costs.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and incontinence (nocturnal enuresis (NE), daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), fecal incontinence (FI)) are relevant disorders in childhood. In general, children with special needs such as intellectual disability (ID) or ASD are more often affected by incontinence than typically developing children. ⋯ Autism spectrum disorder is an incapacitating disorder with significant impairment in social functioning. In most cases, psychological symptoms and disorders co-occur. Additionally, children with ASD are at a greater risk of being affected by different forms of incontinence and LUTS. Therefore, screening for incontinence and, if indicated, treatment of these disorders is recommended.
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Comparative Study
Adenotonsillectomy improves quality of life in children with sleep-disordered breathing regardless of nocturnal enuresis outcome.
Nocturnal enuresis (NE) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) have both been associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The following were investigated: (1) whether tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy (T&A) significantly affect the HRQoL in children with NE and SDB, and 2) differences in HRQoL between children with NE persistence versus resolution post-T&A. ⋯ T&A significantly improved HRQoL in all children with SDB and NE, regardless of NE outcomes. These findings support recommendations for T&A in children with SDB with or without NE.
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The clinical tests currently in use for obstructive nephropathy (such as renal ultrasonography, differential radionuclide renal scans and urinary creatinine concentration data) are not efficient predictors of the subsequent clinical course. Novel and simple biomarkers are required which, if proven, could be clinically beneficial in determining if a patient is eligible for surgery or reno-protective therapy. More recently, the interest of clinicians has focused on the potential of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding proteins (uL-FABP) as biomarkers for renal function in children with hydronephrosis (HN). ⋯ The study clearly demonstrated that pediatric patients with hydronephrosis and dysfunction had significantly higher uNGAL to creatinine concentrations as compared with controls.