Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery
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Surg Obes Relat Dis · Nov 2011
ReviewEffect of preoperative weight loss in bariatric surgical patients: a systematic review.
The potential benefit of preoperative weight loss in patients undergoing bariatric surgery has led many bariatric surgeons to recommend an aggressive weight reduction regimen to their patients. Some surgeons might withhold bariatric procedures if a certain threshold of preoperative weight loss is not achieved. It is unclear whether this practice has any scientific evidence supporting it. Our study aimed to examine the current evidence surrounding this issue in a systematic review. The setting was a university hospital. ⋯ This systematic review suggests little evidence is available to support or refute the routine use of preoperative weight reduction in bariatric surgery. Clearly, a large-scale, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial with sufficient power is necessary to clarify this significant aspect of preoperative care.
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Surg Obes Relat Dis · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEffects of postbariatric surgery weight loss on adipokines and metabolic parameters: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy--a prospective randomized trial.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) lead to rapid improvement in insulin sensitivity even before weight loss occurs. Adipokines are closely linked to obesity and insulin resistance. To date, it is unclear whether the different anatomic changes of the various bariatric procedures have different effects on hormones of adipocyte origin. In the present prospective, randomized study, we compared the 1-year follow-up results of LRYGB and LSG concerning weight loss, metabolic control, and fasting adipokine levels. ⋯ Both procedures led to significant weight loss associated with the resolution of the metabolic syndrome. The serum leptin levels decreased and adiponectin increased with weight loss, paralleled by improved insulin sensitivity.
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Surg Obes Relat Dis · Sep 2011
Serial changes in inflammatory biomarkers after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
A number of proteins secreted from adipose tissue, known as adipokines, are involved in the inflammatory process. The expression and secretion of adipokines are altered with obesity, leading to a pro-inflammatory state, with an enhanced vascular immune response. Although weight loss reduces inflammation, the time course for these changes during massive weight loss after bariatric surgery is not well described. We examined the changes in the biomarkers of inflammation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese individuals in a university hospital. ⋯ RYGB reduced the pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increased the anti-inflammatory mediators of obesity, independent of the magnitude of weight loss. The lack of correlations between the changes in biomarkers and weight loss suggests that the driving force behind the changes in the inflammatory markers is multifactorial and needs further investigation to clarify the health changes that occur after RYGB.
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Because of the high prevalence and potentially serious complications of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese individuals, several prediction models have been developed to detect moderate-to-severe OSA in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Using commonly collected variables (body mass index [BMI], age, observed sleep apnea, hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma insulin, gender, and neck circumference), Dixon et al. developed a model with a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 81% for patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery suspected to have OSA. The present study evaluated the prediction model of Dixon et al. in 310 gastric bypass patients (mean BMI 46.8 kg/m(2), age 41.6 years, 84.5% women), with no preselection for OSA symptoms in a bariatric surgery partnership. ⋯ Although the Dixon model and our model included overlapping predictors (BMI, gender, age, neck circumference), when applied in our sample of gastric bypass patients, neither model achieved the sensitivity and specificity for predicting OSA previously reported by Dixon et al.