International journal of environmental research and public health
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Nov 2019
Concurrent Types of Intracranial Hemorrhage are Associated with a Higher Mortality Rate in Adult Patients with Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.
Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the second most frequent intracranial hemorrhage and a common radiologic finding in computed tomography. This study aimed to estimate the risk of mortality in adult trauma patients with traumatic SAH concurrent with other types of intracranial hemorrhage, such as subdural hematoma (SDH), epidural hematoma (EDH), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), compared to the risk in patients with isolated traumatic SAH. We searched our hospital's trauma database from 1 January, 2009 to 31 December, 2018 to identify hospitalized adult patients ≥20 years old who presented with a trauma abbreviated injury scale (AIS) of ≥3 in the head region. ⋯ Patients with isolated traumatic SAH had a lower rate of mortality (1.8%) compared to the other three groups (Group II: 7.9%, Group III: 12.4%, and Group IV: 27.3%, all p < 0.001). When controlling for sex, age, and pre-existing comorbidities, we found that Group II, Group III, and Group IV patients had a 4.0 (95% CI 2.4-6.5), 8.9 (95% CI 4.8-16.5), and 21.1 (95% CI 9.4-47.7) times higher adjusted odds ratio for mortality, respectively, than the patients with isolated traumatic SAH. In this study, we demonstrated that compared to patients with isolated traumatic SAH, traumatic SAH patients with concurrent types of intracranial hemorrhage have a higher adjusted odds ratio for mortality.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Nov 2019
The Development of Global Women's Rights and Improvements in Reproductive Health Intervention Access of Females with Different Socio-Economic Status.
Female's access to reproductive health intervention has experienced dramatic change with the development of women's rights across the world. However, the influence of the development of global women's rights on reproductive health intervention access differs by place of residence and by the socio-economic characteristics of educational attainment and income levels. ⋯ Using multi-source data from World Health Organization (WHO), Inter-Parliament Union (IPU), International Labor Organization (ILO), and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), empirical results show that the development of women's rights generally improves female's contraceptive intervention access around the world, and especially benefits females in rural areas, with a lower educational level, and in the medium or low-income stratum. The development of global women's rights thus contributes to the social equity of healthcare access for females.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Nov 2019
Basic Life-Support Learning in Undergraduate Students of Sports Sciences: Efficacy of 150 Minutes of Training and Retention after Eight Months.
Several professional groups, which are not health professionals, are more likely to witness situations requiring basic life support (BLS) due to the nature of their job. The aim of this study was to assess BLS learning after 150 min of training in undergraduate students of sports science and their retention after eight months. Participants trained on BLS (150-min session: 30 theory, 120 practice). ⋯ In conclusions, participants learned BLS and good-quality CPR after the 150-min training session. At eight months they had good retention of the BLS sequence and CPR skills. Training on airway management and the position of the hands during CPR should be reinforced.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Nov 2019
Relationship of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Mass Index with the Incidence of Dyslipidemia among Japanese Women: A Cohort Study.
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and obesity are independent risk factors for dyslipidemia. We investigated the synergistic effects of CRF and obesity on the incidence of dyslipidemia among Japanese women. Of 7627 participants, 927 normolipidemic Japanese women completed a submaximal exercise test, medical examination, and a questionnaire on smoking and alcohol drinking. ⋯ Compared with those in the body mass index (BMI)-specific (< or ≥25.0 kg/m2) lowest CRF tertile, the multivariable HRs for dyslipidemia in the highest CRF tertile were 1.36 (95% CI, 0.75-2.48) for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.45-1.09) for those with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (p < 0.01 for interaction). These results suggest that CRF and BMI are interdependent and, together, they affect the incidence of dyslipidemia among Japanese women. CRF is inversely related to a lower incidence of dyslipidemia with low BMI.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Nov 2019
Neighborhood Walkability in Relation to Knee and Low Back Pain in Older People: A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study from the JAGES.
Few studies have focused on a relationship between the built environment and musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to investigate an association between neighborhood walkability and knee and low back pain in older people. Data were derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2013, a population-based study of independently living people ≥65 years old. ⋯ After additionally adjusting for population density, easier walking in neighborhoods without slopes or stairs was significantly inversely correlated with knee pain (PR 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.99). Neighborhoods with walkability enhanced by good access to parks and sidewalks and fresh food stores, easy walking without slopes or stairs, and high population densities, had lower prevalences of knee and low back pain among older people. Further studies should examine environmental determinants of pain.