International journal of environmental research and public health
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Feb 2020
ReviewWomen's Health and Well-Being in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Narrative Review of Achievements and Gaps in the Gulf States.
Background: In 2014, United Nations member states proposed a set of sustainable development goals (SDGs) to help further the millennium development goals that they had proposed in New York in 2000. Of these 13 SDGs, Goal 3 (i.e., SDG 3) was titled "Good Health and Well-Being." This goal highlighted women's health and well-being via two key objectives. The first, SDG 3.1, aimed to reduce maternal mortality rates (MMR) and the second, SDG 3.7, aimed to ensure access to sexual and reproductive health care services. ⋯ The study reveals several gaps, such as a lack of discussion around challenges and barriers, and a lack of linkage between an SDG and the targets contained within it. Conclusion: The paper concludes that there is a much greater emphasis on reducing MMR, compared to providing access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. This difference is due to different socio-cultural framing of each of these two issues.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Feb 2020
Associations of Perceived Socially Unfavorable Attitudes toward Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage with Suicidal Ideation in Taiwanese People before and after Same-Sex Marriage Referendums.
This study examined the associations of perceived socially unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage with suicidal ideation in non-heterosexual and heterosexual participants from first (Wave 1, 23 months prior to same-sex marriage referendums) and second (Wave 2, one week after the referendums) wave surveys in Taiwan. Data provided by 3239 participants in Wave 1 and 1337 participants in Wave 2 who were recruited through a Facebook advertisement were analyzed. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing suicidal ideation and perceived unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage from Taiwanese society, heterosexual friends, and family members. ⋯ In addition, among non-heterosexual individuals, such attitudes toward same-sex marriage in family members and in heterosexual friends were positively associated with suicidal ideation in the Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys, respectively. Perceived unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage in heterosexual friends were associated with suicidal ideation in heterosexual participants with a favorable attitude but not in those individuals with an unfavorable attitude toward homosexuality, in both surveys. Perceived socially unfavorable attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage were significantly associated with suicidal ideation before and after same-sex marriage referendums; however, the associations varied between non-heterosexual and heterosexual individuals.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Feb 2020
Inverse Association between Statin Use and Stomach Cancer Incidence in Individuals with Hypercholesterolemia, from the 2002-2015 NHIS-HEALS Data.
Purpose: To investigate the association between statin use and stomach cancer incidence in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods: To examine the cumulative effect of statins, we defined a statin user as one who used statins during 2002-2003 at baseline. Statin users were further classified into high and low users according to the medication possession rate. ⋯ The cumulative incidence rates of stomach cancer were lowest in high users (1.90% in men and 0.98% in women). Compared to non-users, hazard ratios (95% confidential intervals) for stomach cancer of low users and high users were 0.953 (0.755-1.203) and 0.526 (0.399-0.693) in men and 0.629 (0.457-0.865) and 0.370 (0.256-0.535) in women, respectively, after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusions: We observed an inverse association between statin use and stomach cancer incidence in participants with hypercholesterolemia.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Feb 2020
Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Its Relationship with Ergonomic and Individual Factors in Presbyopic VDT Workers Using Progressive Addition Lenses.
This cross-sectional study estimated computer vision syndrome (CVS) prevalence and analysed its relationship with video display terminal (VDT) exposure, as well as sociodemographic, refractive, environmental, and ergonomic characteristics in 109 presbyopic VDT workers wearing progressive addition lenses (PALs). Usual spectacles were measured with a lens analyser, and subjective refraction was performed by an optometrist. CVS was measured with the CVS-Q©. ⋯ The prevalence of CVS was 74.3%. CVS was significantly associated with women (OR 3.40; 95% CI, 1.12-10.33), non-neutral neck posture (OR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.03-10.41) and altered workplace lighting (OR 3.64; 95% CI, 1.22-10.81). Providing training and information to workers regarding the importance of adequate lighting and ergonomic postures during VDT use is advised to decrease CVS and increase workplace quality of life.
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Int J Environ Res Public Health · Feb 2020
Poor Sleep Is a Risk Factor for Low-Back Pain among Healthcare Workers: Prospective Cohort Study.
This study aimed to investigate the association between poor sleep and risk of low-back pain (LBP) in healthcare workers. Using a prospective cohort design with 1-year follow-up, a total of 1955 healthcare workers (60% nurses) from 389 departments at 19 hospitals responded to questionnaires containing items related to lifestyle, health, and working environment. Associations between sleep scores (0-100) at baseline and LBP intensity (0-10) at follow-up were modelled using cumulative logistic regression accounting for clustering at the department level and adjusted for lifestyle and psychosocial confounders. ⋯ Three sensitivity analyses including healthcare workers free from LBP, nurses, and nurses free from LBP at baseline, respectively, yielded similar results. In conclusion, poor sleep constitutes a potent risk factor for LBP among healthcare workers. The presented results provide strong incentives to evaluate and weigh current prevention policies against an updated biopsychosocial framework.