Clinical toxicology : the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2010
A modified low-cost colorimetric method for paracetamol (acetaminophen) measurement in plasma.
Despite a significant increase in the number of patients with paracetamol poisoning in the developing world, plasma paracetamol assays are not widely available. The purpose of this study was to assess a low-cost modified colorimetric paracetamol assay that has the potential to be performed in small laboratories with restricted resources. ⋯ This colorimetric paracetamol assay is reliable and accurate and can be performed rapidly, easily, and economically. Use of this assay in resource-poor clinical settings has the potential to have a significant clinical and economic impact on the management of paracetamol poisoning.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2010
Review Meta AnalysisLipid emulsions in the treatment of acute poisoning: a systematic review of human and animal studies.
To assess the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) in the management of poisoned patients. ⋯ The evidence for the efficacy of IFE in reducing mortality and improving hemodynamic, electrocardiographic, and neurological parameters in the poisoned patients is solely based on animal studies and human case reports. The safety of IFE has not been established.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2010
Comparative StudyCost minimization analysis comparing enteral N-acetylcysteine to intravenous acetylcysteine in the management of acute acetaminophen toxicity.
Acetaminophen poisoning is one of the most common exposures and causes of poisoning-related fatalities as reported to U.S. poison information centers. Acetylcysteine is indicated for the antidotal treatment of acetaminophen poisoning to prevent or minimize acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity. Available as either an enteral or intravenous (IV) formulation, both forms of acetylcysteine have been proven to be efficacious. Because of the differences in the acquisition costs and the length of treatment, it is unclear which treatment route is the most cost-effective. ⋯ Patients who were treated with IV acetylcysteine had a decreased length of stay and cost of hospitalization compared with those patients who were treated with enteral acetylcysteine.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2010
Pilot studies of pressure-immobilization bandages for rattlesnake envenomations.
Pressure-immobilization bandages sequester venom in extremities and are recommended for snakebites without local toxicity. Pilot studies were performed to determine the time of onset of toxicity and efficacy of pressure-immobilizations bandages in a porcine model of rattlesnake envenomation. ⋯ Pressure-immobilization bandages prevented death from severe C. atrox envenomations with a 24 h delay to treatment. Surviving pigs had recovery of limb use at 1 week.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Dec 2009
2008 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 26th Annual Report.
This is the 26th Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC; http://www. aapcc.org ) National Poison Data System (NPDS). During 2008, 60 of the nation's 61 US poison centers uploaded case data automatically. The median upload time was 24 [7.2, 112] (median [25%, 75%]) minutes creating a real-time national exposure and information database and surveillance system. ⋯ Poisoning continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. The near real-time, always current status of NPDS represents a national resource to collect and monitor US poisoning exposure cases and information calls. NPDS continues its mission as one of the few real-time national surveillance systems in existence, providing a model public health surveillance system for all types of exposures, public health event identification, resilience response and situational awareness tracking.