Clinical toxicology : the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Nov 2008
CroFab reconstitution in various media: an in vitro solubility study.
We investigated the solubility of Crotalidae Polyvalent Ovine Immune Fab antivenom (CroFab, Savage Labs and Protherics Inc., Brentwood, TN, USA) in solutions not listed in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved product package insert. We also assessed whether adsorption to plastic tubing occurs with CroFab preparations. ⋯ Our study may be of relevance when clinicians or pharmacists mix CroFab into non-standard solutions.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2008
Case ReportsFatal injury in eastern Sri Lanka, with special reference to cardenolide self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas fruits.
Self-poisoning with plant seeds or fruits is a common method of self-harm in South Asia. While most deaths follow ingestion of Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) seeds, other plants are locally common. During review of fatal injuries seen in a teaching hospital in eastern Sri Lanka, we noted cases of fatal self-poisoning with Cerbera manghas (sea mango, pink eyed cerbera, odollam tree) fruits. ⋯ C. manghas self-poisoning has only previously been reported from Kerala and Tamil Nadu in south India. While uncommon in other parts of Sri Lanka, it has become a common method of self-harm in one east coast district, accounting for 20% of fatal self-harm with plants in one hospital. Management was inadequate with the available resources, emphasising the need for an affordable antitoxin for plant cardenolide poisoning.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2008
Risk factors and mechanisms of anaphylactoid reactions to acetylcysteine in acetaminophen overdose.
Adverse effects to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are well recognized, but their etiology and incidence are unclear. ⋯ Severity of adverse effects correlates with the extent of histamine release. Histamine release appears independent of tryptase suggesting a non-mast cell source. Acetaminophen is protective against adverse effects of NAC, and mechanisms by which acetaminophen might lessen histamine release require further attention.
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Alachlor and butachlor are commonly used herbicides. However, data on acute human poisonings are scarce. We retrospectively analyzed the data of human alachlor/butachlor poisoning in Taiwan. ⋯ Alachlor and butachlor poisonings are usually of low toxicity. However, severe neurological and cardiovascular outcomes may develop rarely, especially following oral ingestion. Medical management of such poisonings is primarily supportive.