Clinics
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 variations in lung cancer and association with immunotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis: A nonrandomized controlled trial.
This study aims to explore Programmed Death Receptor-1 (PD-1) and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) variations in Lung Cancer (LC) tissues and Peripheral Blood (PPB) and their association with immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis. ⋯ The present results demonstrated that PD-1 and PDL-1 are abnormal in cancer tissue and PPB of LC patients. The combined detection of PD-1 and PDL-1 has diagnostic value for LC and evaluation value for the efficacy and prognosis of immunotherapy.
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This study aims to evaluate the role of TUSG in the postoperative period and the detection of early complications after surgical treatment, pulmonary resection, or decortication for infectious and inflammatory thoracic diseases, comparing with the standard method (Chest Radiography ‒ CXR). ⋯ The authors conclude that TUSG in trained hands is equivalent to CXR in searching for postoperative complications regarding the surgical treatment of infectious and inflammatory thoracic diseases and can be used as a complement, and not a substitute, to CXR, when CCT is not feasible, or a more urgent diagnosis is needed.
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Observational Study
Prognostic value of perioperative high sensitivity troponin in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty.
The authors conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the prognostic value of high-sensitivity Troponin I (hs-TnI) in the short- and long-term periods after orthopedic surgery, including Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively), in a tertiary orthopedic center in Brazil. Perioperative Myocardial Injury (PMI) was defined as an absolute increase in hs-TnI of ≥ 26 ng/L above preoperative values. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality assessed at 30 days and 18 months after surgery. ⋯ Based on composite outcomes in short and long-term periods, the RRs were 16.2 (95 % CI 2.7-96.5) and 7.7 (95 % CI 2.2-26.6), respectively. PMI was associated with all-cause mortality after 18 months and increased risk for a composite outcome (Hazard Ratio [HR = 3.97], 95 % CI 1.13-13.89 and HR = 5.80, 95 % CI 1.93-17.45, respectively). Patients with PMI who underwent THA or TKA presented worse short- and long-term prognoses compared to those without PMI.
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Comparative Study Observational Study
Assessment of body composition by dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry in renal transplant patients, hemodialysis patients, and a control group of healthy subjects.
The clinical findings of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), which is characterized by malnutrition, sedentary lifestyle, uremia, and catabolism associated with dialysis produce changes in Body Composition (BC), causing increased Fat Mass (FM), decreased in both Lean Mass (LM) and Body Mineral Density (BMD), even despite uremic reversal after a Kidney Transplant (KT); immunosuppressive medications alter BC, increasing the risk of loss of the kidney transplant and cardiovascular diseases. ⋯ Although a comprehensive improvement in BC was expected after kidney transplantation, the results are not close to "normal' values, when compared with those of healthy subjects of the same age.
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Observational Study
Effectiveness of the antiviral medications azvudine and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in treating COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies.
Patients with Hematological Malignancies (HM) are at a high risk of mortality from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The available antivirals were different between China and other countries. In China, azvudine was obtained for emergency use to treat adult COVID-19 patients with moderate symptoms in July 2022. While nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was well-known and used in many countries. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether there was any difference in the efficacy and safety of the two drugs. ⋯ The authors found no significant differences existed in outcome measures between patients with HM and COVID-19 who were treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or azvudine.