International journal of evidence-based healthcare
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Int J Evid Based Healthc · Jun 2008
Implementation of best practice in advance care planning in an 'ageing in place' aged care facility.
Background For many older people, a residential aged care facility is home, a place where they should have the choice to die comfortably with a sense of control of care and treatment. An advance care plan describes the process of planning end-of-life care while a person is still able to make decisions with the aim of using this information should a person become unable to communicate their wishes. In the residential aged care setting, an advance care plan should be based on discussions involving the resident, family members and caregivers regarding the beliefs, values and goals of the resident and their family. ⋯ Several improvements were made to the facility's documentation and records keeping processes, including the identification of resident's wishes regarding end-of-life treatment. Residents and their families expressed a high level of satisfaction with these changes. Indeed, an increase in completed advance care plans at the facility had a clear benefit in improving care for residents towards the end of their life.
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Int J Evid Based Healthc · Jun 2008
The role of patient isolation and compliance with isolation practices in the control of nosocomial MRSA in acute care.
Background Nosocomial infection remains the most common complication of hospitalisation. Despite infection control efforts, nosocomial methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission continues to rise. Various isolation practices are used to minimise MRSA transmission in acute care. ⋯ Additionally, the role of extraneous factors, such as environmental reservoirs, specific MRSA strains and patient mix, is unclear. None of the included studies measured financial, social or psychological factors associated with isolation practices. There is an urgent need for well-designed research with significant sample sizes to develop an evidence base upon which to underpin future clinical practice.
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Int J Evid Based Healthc · Mar 2008
Effects of music listening on adult patients' pre-procedural state anxiety in hospital.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ⋯ 1 In order to reduce anxiety, it is likely that patients will benefit psychologically from having the opportunity to listen to music in the immediate pre-procedural period. 2 Patients do not appear to experience any alteration in physiological status as a result of listening to music. 3 Further research is indicated in order to replicate existing studies, to strengthen the evidence to support such interventions and to establish intervention parameters. 4 Further research is needed analysing the physiological mechanisms by which music listening is believed to reduce state anxiety and the contribution of the automated and other nervous systems to this reduction.
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Int J Evid Based Healthc · Mar 2008
How has the impact of 'care pathway technologies' on service integration in stroke care been measured and what is the strength of the evidence to support their effectiveness in this respect?
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: ⋯ Implications for practice There is some evidence that ICPs may support certain elements of service integration in the context of stroke care. This seems to be as a result of their ability to support the timely implementation of clinical interventions and the mobilisation of resources around the patient without incurring additional increases in length of stay. ICPs appear to be most successful in improving service coordination in the acute stroke context where patient care trajectories are predictable. Their value in the context of rehabilitation settings in which recovery pathways are more variable is less clear. There is some evidence that ICPs may be effective in bringing about behavioural changes in contexts where deficiencies in service provision have been identified. Their value in contexts where inter-professional working is well established is less clear. While earlier before and after studies show a reduction in length of stay in ICP-managed care, this may reflect wider healthcare trends, and the failure of later studies to demonstrate further reductions suggests that there may be limits as to how far this can continue to be reduced. There is some evidence to suggest that ICPs bring about improvements in documentation, but we do not know how far documented practice reflects actual practice. It is unclear how ICPs have their effects and the relative importance of the process of development and the artefact in use. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
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Int J Evid Based Healthc · Dec 2007
Effectiveness of brief structured interventions on risk factor modification for patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review.
Background The physical and psychosocial benefits of participation in cardiac rehabilitation following a coronary event have well been established. Despite these benefits there is strong evidence that participation in traditional cardiac rehabilitation programs remains low. Various models of cardiac rehabilitation have been implemented including the use of brief structured interventions to enable modification of coronary risk factors. ⋯ Conclusions There is suggestive but inconclusive evidence from the trials of a benefit in the use of brief interventions for risk factor modification in patients with coronary heart disease. This review, however, supports the concept that brief interventions for patients with coronary heart disease can have beneficial effects on risk factor modification and consequently on progression of coronary heart disease. Further trials using larger sample sizes need to be undertaken to demonstrate the benefits of brief structured intervention targeted at the modification of single or multiple risk factors.