International journal of injury control and safety promotion
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Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · Jun 2020
Modelling risk factors for fatal pedestrian crashes in Kolkata, India.
In developing countries, pedestrian safety is an issue of major concern. Although an extensive body of literature is available on the identification of elements related to the pedestrian's risk; the studies are primarily conducted in urban areas of developed countries. ⋯ The study findings reveal that pedestrians' fatalities at intersections are associated with a high vehicular volume, higher pedestrian-vehicular interaction, high approach speed, overtaking tendency of vehicles, certain land-use type, encroachment of footpath, inadequate sight distance, inaccessible pedestrian crosswalk, wider minor carriageway, the absence of a pedestrian signal head, and lack of enforcement. On the other hand, the models outcomes reveal that pedestrians' fatalities at midblock road segments are associated with low pedestrian volume, high approach speed, overtaking tendency of the vehicle, encroachment of footpath, on-street parking, wider road width, certain land-use type, inadequate sight distance, insufficient lighting, and inadequate pavement markings.
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Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · Jun 2020
Investigation of pedestrian crashes using multiple correspondence analysis in India.
Pedestrian safety is of growing concern with an increasing number of traffic accidents, especially in developing economies like India. In 2017, there were 20,457 pedestrian fatalities in India. Pedestrian crashes have also become a key concern in the state of Tamilnadu, India, due to the high percentage of deaths. ⋯ Factors such as lighting conditions, location, pedestrian behaviour, crossings, and physical separation are also significantly contributing to pedestrian crashes. The key advantage of MCA is that it identifies a possible association between various contributing factors. The findings from this study will be useful for state transport authorities to improve countermeasures for mitigating pedestrian crashes and fatalities.
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Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · Dec 2019
Effects of driver sleepiness and fatigue on violations among truck drivers in India.
This study aims at capturing the influence of driver drowsiness on prevalence of traffic violations among long-haul truck drivers. The study is based on a roadside survey of 453 long-haul truck drivers, stopping at eateries and rest locations on highways connected to three Indian cities- Mumbai, Indore and Nagpur. ⋯ The questions regarding unsafe driving practices like speeding, overtaking were combined to form a single factor 'violations' using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A generalized linear model using negative binomial regression predicted young drivers (aged below 25 years), long working hours, insufficient sleeping hours, driving after mid-night, sleepiness on the wheel and frequent traffic violations as significant contributors of violations among the long-haul truck drivers.
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Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · Dec 2019
Unintentional injury deaths in adult Finnish population: nationwide statistics between 1971 and 2016.
This study determined the nationwide trends in unintentional injury deaths of adult Finns. For this purpose, we obtained from the Finnish Official Cause-of-Death Statistics the data for persons 15 years of age or older whose deaths occurred between 1971 and 2016 due to an unintentional injury. During the study period, a steep decline occurred in road traffic crashes. ⋯ Unintentional injury deaths in road traffic crashes declined drastically among adult Finnish population in 1971-2016. In contrast, the increase in their fall-induced deaths was of concern. Effective preventive actions should be started to control this development.
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Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot · Sep 2019
Exploring the factors contribute to the injury severities of vulnerable roadway user involved crashes.
The vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) applications will enable safety, mobility, and environmental advancements for the vulnerable roadway user (VRU) that current technologies are unable to provide. The present research aims to explore the use of random parameters in logit models to examine factors that significantly influence injury severity of VRU involved crashes. Two types of logit models, the mixed generalized ordered logit (MGOL) models and mixed logit models are proposed to provide insights on reducing injury severities of pedestrian and bicyclist involved crashes and benefit amending current V2P applications to address the special safety needs and challenges of these VRUs. ⋯ The analyses of under-researched aspects of VRU involved crashes, that is time-to-death, help us develop a deeper understanding of the consequences of injury and ultimately health and social costs. The findings indicate that the proposed MGOL models and mixed logit models can account for the heterogeneity issues in crash data due to the unobserved factors. In addition, the injury severity models that incorporate the random parameter features can reveal new insights and have superior goodness of fit.