International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of liraglutide 3.0 mg in individuals with obesity and moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea: the SCALE Sleep Apnea randomized clinical trial.
Obesity is strongly associated with prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and weight loss has been shown to reduce disease severity. ⋯ As an adjunct to diet and exercise, liraglutide 3.0 mg was generally well tolerated and produced significantly greater reductions than placebo in AHI, body weight, SBP and HbA1c in participants with obesity and moderate/severe OSA. The results confirm that weight loss improves OSA-related parameters.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Physical activity intensity, sedentary behavior, body composition and physical fitness in 4-year-old children: results from the ministop trial.
Existing knowledge on associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers is limited. ⋯ Time spent on VPA was associated with higher FFMI and better physical fitness. The results suggest that promoting VPA may be important to improve childhood body composition and physical fitness already at an early age.
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Early-life antibiotic exposure can disrupt the founding intestinal microbial community and lead to obesity later in life. Recent studies show that omega-3 fatty acids can reduce body weight gain and chronic inflammation through modulation of the gut microbiota. ⋯ These effects were associated with a reversal of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota in fat-1 mice. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and obesity, and suggest the potential utility of omega-3 supplementation as a safe and effective means for the prevention of obesity in children who are exposed to antibiotics.
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To identify loci associated with abdominal fat and replicate prior findings, we performed genome-wide association (GWA) studies of abdominal fat traits: subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); visceral adipose tissue (VAT); total adipose tissue (TAT) and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VSR). ⋯ Our results provide evidence for new loci influencing abdominal visceral (BBS9, ADCY8, KCNK9) and subcutaneous (MLLT10/DNAJC1/EBLN1) fat, and confirmed a locus (THNSL2) previously reported to be associated with abdominal fat in women.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of bariatric surgery on markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function: a meta-analysis of literature studies.
Several studies confirmed a significantly increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-mediated dilation (NMD) in obese subjects, but few data are available on the effects of bariatric surgery on these markers of cardiovascular (CV) risk. We performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating changes in IMT, FMD and NMD in obese patients after bariatric surgery. ⋯ Despite heterogeneity among studies, bariatric surgery is associated with improvement of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function. These effects may significantly contribute to the reduction of the CV risk after bariatric surgery.