Congenital heart disease
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Congenital heart disease · Sep 2010
Hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation following repair of tetralogy of Fallot: the effects of converting from positive pressure ventilation to spontaneous breathing.
Following corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), approximately one-third of these patients develop low cardiac output (CO) due to right ventricular (RV) diastolic heart failure. Extubation is beneficial in these patients because the fall in intrathoracic pressure that occurs with conversion from positive pressure breathing to spontaneous breathing improves venous return, RV filling and CO. We hypothesized that if CO were to increase but remain limited following extubation, the obligatory increase in perfusion to the respiratory pump that occurs with loading of the respiratory musculature may occur at the expense of other vital organs, including the brain. ⋯ We conclude that converting from positive pressure ventilation to spontaneous negative pressure breathing following repair of TOF significantly improves arterial blood pressure and cerebral oxygenation.
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Congenital heart disease · Sep 2010
Adrenal insufficiency in hemodynamically unstable neonates after open-heart surgery.
To investigate if the low dose (1 µg) ACTH stimulation test appropriately assesses adrenal responsiveness in neonates undergoing open-heart surgery requiring cardio-pulmonary bypass. ⋯ The low dose (1 µg) ACTH stimulation test is a valid test to assess adrenal responsiveness among neonates after open heart surgery requiring CPB. Traditionally used basal serum cortisol level cutoff of <20 µg/dL used to define relative adrenal insufficiency may not be applicable in neonates undergoing open heart surgery on CPB thus indicating the need for re-defining adrenal insufficiency in this patient population.
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Congenital heart disease · May 2010
B-type natriuretic peptide: perioperative patterns in congenital heart disease.
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic roles in adults with heart failure. BNP levels in children undergoing surgical repair of congenital heart disease (CHD) were characterized broadly, and distinguishable subgroup patterns delineated. ⋯ Perioperative BNP correlates to severity of illness and lengths of therapy in the CHD population, overall. Substantial variation in BNP across time as well as within and between CHD lesions limits its practical utility as an isolated point-of-care measure. BNP commonly peaks 6-12 hours postoperatively, but the timing and magnitude of BNP elevation demonstrates notable age-dependency, peaking earlier and rising an order of magnitude higher in neonates. In spite of higher clinical acuity, non-neonatal univentricular CHD paradoxically demonstrates lower BNP levels compared with biventricular physiologies.
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Congenital heart disease · May 2010
Early pleural effusions related to the myocardial injury after open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease.
The degree of effusion immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can vary and may reflect several factors including the degree of myocardial injury. We compared the degree of pleural effusions after CPB to the overall myocardial injury as determined by serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels after elective repair of a variety of congenital heart defects, including univentricular surgeries via cavopulmonary shunts. ⋯ We found that higher the cTnI released, especially >or=15 microg/L, longer the duration and greater the amount of early pleural effusions for a variety of congenital heart surgeries including cavopulmonary shunts. A number of factors may lead to excessive pleural effusions and the degree of myocardial injury may be one of them.