Equine veterinary journal
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Equine veterinary journal · Sep 1998
Maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and oxygen in mechanically-ventilated horses subjected to exploratory laparotomy treated with intra- and post operative anaesthetic adjuncts.
Eight healthy horses premedicated with xylazine and induced with ketamine were used to evaluate sevoflurane in oxygen for maintenance of anaesthesia during elective exploratory laparotomy. After orotracheal intubation, horses were hoisted, placed in dorsal recumbency on a padded surgery table, and received sevoflurane in oxygen for maintenance of anaesthesia. The horses were allowed to breathe spontaneously until instrumented; then, they were mechanically ventilated to maintain the PaCO2 between 35 and 45 mmHg. ⋯ Six horses stood on the first attempt; 2 horses stood on the second attempt. The median recovery score was one (1-3). In conclusion, sevoflurane provided a stable, easily controllable anaesthetic plane during prolonged exploratory laparotomies; horses experienced smooth, safe recoveries after maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane following routine anaesthetic induction and post operative xyalzine administration.
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Equine veterinary journal · Jul 1998
Effect of intravenous lidocaine on halothane minimum alveolar concentration in ponies.
This study investigated the effect of lidocaine i.v. on halothane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in ponies. Six ponies were anaesthetised with thiopentone and succinylcholine, intubated and anaesthesia maintained with halothane. Ventilation was controlled and blood pressure maintained within clinically acceptable limits. ⋯ The baseline halothane MAC for the control group was mean +/- s.d. 0.94 +/- 0.03%, and no significant decrease occurred following saline infusion. Lidocaine decreased halothane MAC in a dose-dependent fashion (r = 0.86; P < 0.0003). The results indicate that i.v. lidocaine may have a role in equine anaesthesia.
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Equine veterinary journal · May 1998
Case ReportsReconstruction of the jugular vein in horses with post thrombophlebitis stenosis using saphenous vein graft.
A surgical technique is described in which a saphenous vein graft is used to reconstruct the jugular vein in horses with facial oedema due to post thrombophlebitic stenosis of the jugular vein. The saphenous vein was harvested from the contralateral limb and implanted in the occluded vein by 2 side-to-end anastomoses. ⋯ In 2 out of 3 patients the reconstruction resulted in a permanent patent graft and resolution of the facial oedema. In one patient the graft thrombosed.
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Equine veterinary journal · Mar 1998
Effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on respiratory function in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The effects of beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function and arterial blood gas values were investigated in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six mature mares, diagnosed as having COPD based on clinical signs, cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage and pulmonary function testing, were used. Beclomethasone dipropionate (3750 microg) was administered b.i.d. for a 2 week period with a metered dose inhaler using a mask. ⋯ One horse developed a mild lower airway infection 24 h after the beginning of treatment, but no other possible side effects were noticed. Pharyngeal fungal cultures were negative before and after treatment. It can be concluded from the results of this study that inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate causes a marked improvement of respiratory function in horses with COPD.
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Equine veterinary journal · Mar 1998
Cardiopulmonary changes associated with abdominal insufflation of carbon dioxide in mechanically ventilated, dorsally recumbent, halothane anaesthetised horses.
The use of laparoscopy for the diagnosis or therapeutic management of abdominal disease in the horse has distinct advantages when it allows the horse to remain standing. However, distending the abdomen by insufflation of a biologically active gas in an anaesthetised horse may add to the physiological challenge of general anaesthesia and recumbency. The cardiopulmonary responses to abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO2) to 15 mmHg pressure were evaluated in 6 horses in dorsal recumbency anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen and subjected to laparoscopic colopexy. ⋯ Partial pressure of oxygen and pH of arterial blood, tidal volume and systemic vascular resistance decreased during abdominal insufflation and laparoscopic surgery whereas mean arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood and end tidal respiratory gases, and calculated physiological shunt increased significantly. Only systemic vascular resistance returned to the pre-insufflation level after desufflation. The hypercapnia, acidosis and apparent increase in cardiac work that accompany CO2 pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery could place the anaesthetised horse at additional risk of perioperative complications.