Journal of hospital medicine : an official publication of the Society of Hospital Medicine
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Hospitalists are frequently called upon to manage blood pressure after acute ischemic stroke. A review of both post infarction cerebral perfusion physiology and the data from randomized trials of antihypertensive therapy is necessary to explain why consensus guidelines for blood pressure management after stroke differ from those of other hypertensive emergencies. The peri-infarct penumbra is the central concept in understanding post ischemic cerebral perfusion. ⋯ Review of clinical trials fails to show benefit from reduction of blood pressure after ischemic stroke and current guidelines suggest antihypertensive therapy be employed if the systemic blood pressure is greater than 180/105 mmHg after tPA is employed, or 220/120 mmHg when tPA is not used. Induced hypertension remains a promising but unproven therapy in the acute setting, but the evidence for long term control of blood pressure to less than 140/80 mmHG for secondary prevention of stroke is strong. Adherence to guidelines is poor but it is recognized that current evidence is limited by a lack of trials in which blood pressure is titrated to a pre-specified goal, as is common in clinical practice.
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To determine the incidence and manifestations of hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients receiving antihyperglycemic therapy. ⋯ Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients taking antihyperglycemic agents is common; 1 in 25 episodes is associated with an adverse event. Opportunities exist to improve care, particularly around discontinuation of feeding.
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Comparative Study
Conflicting measures of hospital quality: ratings from "Hospital Compare" versus "Best Hospitals".
In April 2005 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services launched "Hospital Compare," the first government-sponsored hospital quality scorecard. We compared the ranking of U.S. News and World Report's "Best Hospitals" with Hospital Compare performance ratings. ⋯ Hospital Compare scores are frequently discordant with Best Hospital rankings, which is likely attributable to the markedly different methods each rating approach employs. Such discordance between major quality rating systems paints a conflicting picture of institutional performance for the public to interpret.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Firm-based trial to improve central venous catheter insertion practices.
Central venous catheters placed in femoral veins increase the risk of complications. At our institution, residents place most catheters in the femoral vein. ⋯ Our intervention improved residents' knowledge of complications and use of masks during catheter insertion; however, it did not significantly change venous insertion sites. Catheter insertions on our general medicine wards are infrequent, and the skills acquired during the skills-building session may have deteriorated given the few clinical opportunities for reinforcement.