Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · Dec 2010
Effect of circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and the proinflammatory RAGE ligand (EN-RAGE, S100A12) on mortality in hemodialysis patients.
The soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) may exert anti-inflammatory protective roles on the vasculature. In contrast, the RAGE ligand S100A12 (also known as EN-RAGE) contributes to inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Whether alterations at this level contribute to the increased mortality observed in patients on dialysis is currently unknown. ⋯ Circulating S100A12 and sRAGE are both elevated in hemodialysis patients. However, only S100A12 associates with mortality, partly explained by its links with inflammation.
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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · Dec 2010
Urinary expression of kidney injury markers in renal transplant recipients.
The outcome of renal transplantation after an episode of acute rejection is difficult to predict, even with an allograft biopsy. We examined whether urinary expression of specific biomarker mRNA could be used as a noninvasive prognostic marker in kidney transplant recipients. ⋯ In kidney allograft recipients, urinary KIM-1 expression provides prognostic information in relation to the rate of renal function decline, irrespective of the kidney pathology.
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We previously observed associations between a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet and large reductions in kidney stone risk. This study examined associations between a DASH-style diet and 24-hour excretions of urinary lithogenic factors. ⋯ A DASH-style diet may reduce stone risk by increasing urinary citrate and volume. The small associations between higher DASH score and lower RSS suggest unidentified stone inhibitors in dairy products and/or plants.
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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol · Dec 2010
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic diagnosis of renal immunoglobulin heavy chain amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis is a group of disorders characterized by accumulation of extracellular deposition of proteins as insoluble aggregates. The clinical management of amyloidosis is based on identifying the underlying etiology and accurate typing of the amyloid. Ig heavy chain amyloid involving the kidney is poorly recognized and often poses a diagnostic dilemma. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASURES: In this study, we describe the use of laser microdissection (LMD) and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analysis for the accurate typing of 14 cases of amyloidosis. We also describe the clinicopathologic findings of four problematic cases of renal Ig heavy chain amyloidosis that required LMD/MS proteomic analysis for accurate typing of the amyloid. ⋯ We conclude that LMD/MS is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis and accurate typing of renal amyloidosis, including Ig heavy chain amyloid.
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Several molecular forms of human neutrophil lipocalin/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (HNL/NGAL), a novel biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI), have been found in urine. The origin of these different forms and the effect of antibody configuration on assay performances were investigated in this report. ⋯ The monomeric form is the predominant form secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and the dimeric form is the predominant form secreted by neutrophils. The development of molecular form-specific assays for HNL/NGAL may be a means to identify the origin of HNL/NGAL in urine and construct more specific tools for the diagnosis of AKI.