Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Sep 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyEvaluation of an electronic clinical reminder to facilitate brief alcohol-counseling interventions in primary care.
Brief intervention for patients with unhealthy alcohol use is a prevention priority in the United States, but most eligible patients do not receive it. This study evaluated an electronic alcohol-counseling clinical reminder at a single Veterans Affairs general medicine clinic. ⋯ Availability of a clinical reminder to facilitate brief intervention did not, alone, result in substantial use of the clinical reminder. More active implementation efforts may be needed to get brief interventions onto the agenda of busy primary care providers.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Sep 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyIntervention attendance among emergency department patients with alcohol- and drug-use disorders.
The emergency department (ED) visit provides a window of opportunity for screening and linkage to services for inner-city adults with substance-use disorders (SUDs). This article examines predictors of intervention attendance among ED patients who screen positive for an SUD (alcohol or other drug). ⋯ The present findings highlight the relative importance of assessing and attending to readiness to change as well as demographic factors such as insurance and employment (and potentially associated barriers) in ED-based screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment protocols.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2010
Comparative StudyBirth-cohort trends in lifetime and past-year prescription opioid-use disorder resulting from nonmedical use: results from two national surveys.
This study aims to test whether recent increases in the reported prevalence of opioid-use disorder in the United States occurred across all age groups (period effect), consistently only among younger age groups (age effect), or varied according to year of birth (cohort effects). ⋯ Findings suggest that more problems (abuse and dependence) may emerge as prescription opioid users get older and that more recent birth cohorts are at higher risk for prescription opioid problems.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Mar 2010
Impact of adolescent exposure to intimate partner violence on substance use in early adulthood.
Youth exposure to intimate partner violence has been theorized to increase the risk of adverse outcomes in adulthood including substance-use problems. However, the limited research on the association between early exposure to intimate partner violence and later alcohol- or drug-use problems is inconclusive. Using a prospective design, this study investigates whether adolescent exposure to intimate partner violence increases the risk for problem substance use in early adulthood and whether this relationship differs by gender. ⋯ Girls exposed to intimate partner violence may be at increased risk for problems with alcohol use in adulthood and should be a target for prevention and intervention efforts. Overall, however, the association between exposure to intimate partner violence and later substance-use problems is less than anticipated in this high-risk community sample.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Mar 2010
Longitudinal relationship between psychological distress and multiple substance use: results from a three-year multisite natural-history study of rural stimulant users.
Substance use is associated with poor mental health, but little is known regarding how use of multiple substances is associated with mental health, particularly longitudinally, in community studies. This article examines this issue in a large (N = 710), natural-history study of rural stimulant (cocaine and/or methamphetamine) users in three states. ⋯ Multiple and specific substances appear to incrementally increase psychological distress. Users of cocaine and methamphetamine are present in rural areas; these associations with poor psychological health raise concerns regarding availability of local treatment services for individuals with mental-health problems, as well as substance abuse.