Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyBrief alcohol intervention in the emergency department: moderators of effectiveness.
Prior research supports the effectiveness of brief interventions for reducing alcohol misuse among patients in the emergency department (ED). However, limited information is available regarding the mechanisms of change, which could assist clinicians in streamlining or amplifying these interventions. This article examines moderators of outcomes among ED patients, ages 19 and older, who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for alcohol misuse. ⋯ This study provides novel data regarding attribution for alcohol-related injury as an important moderator of change and suggests that highlighting the alcohol/injury connection in brief, ED-based alcohol interventions can augment their effectiveness.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2008
Alcohol-attributable fraction for injury in the U.S. general population: data from the 2005 National Alcohol Survey.
Although studies of patients seen in emergency department (ED) settings have documented a strong association of alcohol with injury, such patients are not necessarily representative of the larger population, and less is known of alcohol's association with risk of injury in patient samples outside the ED. ⋯ The data suggest that alcohol plays a larger role in those injuries for which treatment is sought in EDs, and this may be related to the severity of the injury. Additional studies of alcohol and injury in general populations that take into account the intensity of exposure to alcohol before the event, as well as recall bias by eliciting data on the proximity of the event to the time of the respondent interview, are necessary for determining unbiased estimates of the attributable fraction of alcohol in injury morbidity.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jan 2008
Is intimate partner violence associated with the use of alcohol treatment services? Results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the prevalence of alcohol treatment use by intimate partner violence (IPV) type (any IPV, victimization, and perpetration) among problem drinkers and (2) the relationship between alcohol treatment use and IPV, by IPV type, in the general population. ⋯ IPV, especially victimization, may have a substantial impact on alcohol treatment services. Findings highlight the potential to identify IPV in alcohol treatment settings and provide referral and intervention services.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Nov 2007
Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol and violent injury: an analysis of cross-national emergency department data.
The objectives of the present study were twofold: (1) to determine whether gender differences exist in the roles of drinking in the event (i.e., self-reported drinking before the injury and estimated blood alcohol concentration [BAC] captured after injury) and drinking pattern (i.e., heavy episodic drinking) in explaining violent versus nonviolent injuries and (2) to assess whether these gender differences vary by country. ⋯ Although the results are preliminary, treatment and prevention programs may need to target both genders equally or perhaps even focus more on heavydrinking women, particularly in the United States.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2007
Development and evaluation of a screening instrument for alcohol-use disorders and at-risk drinking: the brief alcohol screening instrument for medical care (BASIC).
Screening for problem drinking has not yet become standard practice in primary health care settings, and lack of time is an important barrier for general practicioners to intervene. Very brief screening instruments might help to implement screening into the daily routine in primary health care. The present study describes the development and evaluation of the Brief Alcohol Screening Instrument for medical Care (BASIC), using two independently drawn samples. ⋯ Data show that the BASIC is an efficient screening tool that performs as well as the AUDIT in medical settings while being shorter in administration and scoring.