Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Sep 2019
Pregnancy, Fertility, Breastfeeding, and Alcohol Consumption: An Analysis of Framing and Completeness of Information Disseminated by Alcohol Industry-Funded Organizations.
Alcohol use during pregnancy can harm the developing fetus. The exact amount, pattern, and critical period of exposure necessary for harm to occur are unclear, although official guidance often emphasizes precautionary abstention. The impacts on fertility and breastfeeding are also unclear. Information on alcohol and pregnancy is disseminated by the alcohol industry-funded organizations, and there are emerging concerns about its accuracy, suggesting the need for detailed analysis. ⋯ Alcohol industry-funded websites omit and misrepresent the evidence on key risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This may "nudge" women toward continuing to drink during pregnancy. These findings suggest that alcohol industry-funded bodies may increase risk to pregnant women by disseminating misinformation. The public should be made widely aware of the risks of obtaining health information from alcohol industry-funded sources.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2019
ReviewMedications for Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Adolescents: A Narrative Review and Assessment of Clinical Benefits and Potential Risks.
Methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are evidence-based treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). A large body of evidence supports their effectiveness in adults with OUD. However, few studies have tested their efficacy in adolescents. This study summarizes the clinical benefits and risks of three medications for the treatment of OUD in adolescents. ⋯ Little published evidence specifically examines the efficacy and safety of using medications for OUD in adolescents, and more research is needed. It is essential for healthcare professionals to determine whether their adolescent patients may benefit from medications for the treatment of OUD.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · Jul 2019
Perceived Effectiveness of Anti-Marijuana Messages in Adult Users and Nonusers: An Examination of Responses to Messages About Marijuana's Effects on Cognitive Performance, Driving, and Health.
Marijuana use is associated with negative cognitive and health outcomes and risky driving. Given the rapidly changing policies regarding legal recreational and medicinal marijuana use, it is important to examine what types of marijuana prevention messages may be effective in minimizing such outcomes. This study examined cognitive and affective responses to anti-marijuana public health messages in a sample of adult marijuana users and nonusers to determine the correlates of perceived message effectiveness. ⋯ The findings suggest that audience perceptions may be uniquely predictive of message effectiveness, depending on the topic.
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J Stud Alcohol Drugs · May 2019
Prioritization of Outcomes in Efficacy and Effectiveness of Alcohol Brief Intervention Trials: International Multi-Stakeholder e-Delphi Consensus Study to Inform a Core Outcome Set.
Outcomes used in alcohol brief intervention trials vary considerably. Achieving consensus about key outcomes can enhance evidence synthesis and improve healthcare guidelines. This international, e-Delphi study sought to prioritize outcomes for alcohol brief intervention trials as part of a larger program of work develop an alcohol brief intervention core outcome set. ⋯ This is the first international e-Delphi study to identify and prioritize outcomes for use in alcohol brief intervention trials. The use and reporting of outcomes in future alcohol brief intervention trials should improve evidence synthesis in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Further work is required to refine these outcomes into a core outcome set that includes guidance for measurement of outcomes.