The Libyan journal of medicine
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The capillary changes at the initial stage of diabetes may show an angioarchitecture clearly different from those of later stages and/or very severe glomerular change. However, the onset of alterations in the early phases is unclear. This study attempts to determine the structural alterations of the glomerular wall and vessels in the early stage of diabetes. ⋯ In early stages of diabetes mellitus in rats, there was an increase in the diameter of glomerular vessels. In later stages of the disease, the reverse was seen, but insulin treatment had a positive role in reversing these changes in the study subjects.
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Contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a well-known complication of radiological examinations employing iodine contrast media (I-CM). The rapid development and frequent use of coronary interventions and multi-channel detector computed tomography with concomitant administration of relatively large doses of I-CM has contributed to an increasing number of CIN cases during the last few years. ⋯ For the radiologist, there are several steps to consider in order to minimise the risk for CIN: use of "low-" or "iso-osmolar" I-CM and dosing the I-CM in relation to GFR and body weight being the most important as well as utilizing radiographic techniques to keep the I-CM dose in gram iodine as low as possible below the numerical value of estimated GFR. There is as yet no pharmacological prevention that has been proven to be effective.
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Cemento-ossifying fibroma occurring in an elderly patient. A case report and a review of literature.
Cemento-ossifying fibromas (COF) are benign lesions affecting the jaws and other craniofacial bones. They commonly affect adults between the third and fourth decade of life. Radiographically, they appear as well-defined unilocular or multilocular intraosseous masses, commonly in the premolar/molar region of the mandible. ⋯ The patient continued to be asymptomatic with minimum changes. Occurrence of cemento-ossifying fibroma in patients over 60 years of age is unusual and had not been reported. The clinical, radiographic, histopathology and literature review are discussed.
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Nitric oxide may have a protective effect on the liver during endotoxemia and chronic inflammation. There is evidence that it maintains liver and intestinal tissue integrity during inflammatory processes. We evaluated the impact of altering nitric oxide release on acute liver injury, the associated gut injury and bacterial translocation, at different time intervals. ⋯ Inhibition of nitric oxide in an acute liver injury model potentiates the liver injury as evidenced by increased appearance of hepatocellular necrosis and elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin. It increases the Enterobacteriaceae in both cecum and colon and Gnegative anaerobes in the colon. It also increases bacterial translocation to extra-intestinal sites. The increased bacterial translocation could be one of the mechanisms potentiating liver injury and nitric oxide may be pathophysiologically involved. Further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.