Journal of addiction medicine
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Comparative Study
Real-world effectiveness of varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy in patients with and without psychiatric disorders.
To compare the effectiveness and safety of varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) among smokers with or without psychiatric disorders attending a storefront smoking cessation clinic in an urban addiction and mental health academic health science center. ⋯ Varenicline seems to be more effective than NRT and as safe in real-world settings among patients with and without a history of psychiatric disorder.
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Prescription rates of methylphenidate (MPH) are sharply rising in most Western countries. Although it has been reported that MPH has abuse potential, little is known about the prevalence of intravenous (IV) abuse of MPH. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of IV MPH abuse among treatment-seeking IV substance abusers in Iceland. ⋯ This first nationwide study on IV abuse of MPH shows that it is common among treatment-seeking IV abusers in Iceland and suggests that MPH has high abuse potential. Therefore, both the use and possible abuse of MPH in those with high abuse potential should be monitored, especially in countries where MPH prescriptions rates are on the rise.
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Comparative Study
Methadone and buprenorphine for opioid dependence during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.
To compare maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and newborn outcomes in a cohort of opioid-dependent pregnant women treated with methadone versus buprenorphine. ⋯ These data suggest pregnancy outcomes with buprenorphine to treat opioid dependence during pregnancy in clinical practice are as good and often better than outcomes with methadone. These results are consistent with efficacy data from randomized clinical trials and further support the use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Impact of prospectively determined A118G polymorphism on treatment response to injectable naltrexone among methamphetamine-dependent patients: an open-label, pilot study.
Methamphetamine (MA) addiction has no known effective pharmacotherapy. Small trials showed beneficial effects for oral naltrexone in amphetamine users. Trials in alcohol-dependent subjects showed better response in persons with the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism of the μ-opioid receptor. We conducted a pharmacogenetic trial of sustained release intramuscular naltrexone to examine the role of the A118G single nucleotide polymorphism in MA dependence. ⋯ Although A118G polymorphism has been shown to be associated with improved treatment response to naltrexone among alcoholics, whether this polymorphism impacts naltrexone treatment response among MA users is unclear at this time.
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To evaluate the effects of a multiple daily dose methadone regimen in pregnancy on neonatal outcomes. ⋯ The protocol was associated with low rates of treatment of NAS and high rates of maternal recovery. High rates of treatment for NAS reported in methadone-exposed neonates might relate in part to iatrogenic factors and be reduced through the use of divided daily doses and protocols that minimize maternal withdrawal.