Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Feb 2013
Clinical TrialA feasibility evaluation of oral pressure therapy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
This feasibility study examined the initial-use safety and potential utility of a novel noninvasive oral pressure therapy (OPT) system designed to reduce airway obstruction during sleep. ⋯ This proof-of-concept study suggests that OPT can produce clinically relevant relief of OSA in certain subjects who are readily identified by PSG during trial use of the noninvasive system. OPT shows promise as a new treatment option for OSA in appropriate patients.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Feb 2013
Review Meta AnalysisEfficacy and safety of roflumilast in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, has been shown to improve lung function and reduce exacerbation rates, but is associated with adverse events (AEs). The purpose of this study was to systematically review the clinical effectiveness and safety of roflumilast. ⋯ The efficacy of roflumilast appears modest compared with other available therapies for COPD. Further studies are needed to investigate the risk-benefit ratio and long-term safety of roflumilast before its wider use.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Feb 2013
ReviewIndacaterol 75 μg once daily for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a North American perspective.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease in which patients become increasingly disabled by their symptoms and limited in their activities. Health-related quality of life may be profoundly impaired even in the early stages of the disease. Treatment with long-acting inhaled bronchodilators can improve lung function, symptoms and health status and reduce exacerbations of COPD. ⋯ The overall safety and tolerability of once-daily treatment with indacaterol 75 µg for 12 weeks did not differ in any substantial aspect from placebo treatment. Indirect comparisons analyzing pooled clinical data and meta-analyses suggest that treatment with indacaterol 75 µg once daily may be effective in reducing exacerbations of COPD, and that its effects on lung function and health status will be comparable with other currently available inhaled long-acting bronchodilators used for COPD. Treatment with indacaterol 75 µg once daily provides effective bronchodilation, improves dyspnea and health status, and has a well characterized profile of safety and tolerability.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Feb 2013
ReviewTadalafil as monotherapy and in combination regimens for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the use of tadalafil as monotherapy and in combination regimens for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A systematic English language search of the medical literature using PubMed was conducted between January 1960 and May 2012 using the search terms 'tadalafil', 'therapy', 'pulmonary (arterial) hypertension' and 'combination therapy'. Special emphasis was given to controlled clinical trials and case studies relevant for the use of tadalafil in PAH. ⋯ Tadalafil appears to be an effective and a safe treatment option for patients with PAH. It improves clinical status, exercise capacity, hemodynamic parameters, compliance issues and quality of life and reduces the occurrence of clinical worsening. Tadalafil in combination therapy seems to be additive and synergistic in relaxing pulmonary vascular muscle cells but more clinical trials on human subjects are warranted.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Dec 2012
Impact of prior systemic corticosteroid use in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia.
Limited information is available regarding the impact of prior outpatient use of systemic corticosteroids (SCS) in patients subsequently developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigate the effects of prior SCS on severity of illness, microbiology and clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with CAP. ⋯ Prior SCS use is not associated with increased 30-day mortality for patients hospitalized with CAP. In addition, no differences were found in either the severity of the disease at the time of presentation or in the presence of the resistant or opportunistic pathogens among groups.