The American journal of cardiology
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Comparative Study
Effect of body mass index on outcome in patients with suspected coronary artery disease referred for stress echocardiography.
In patients with hypertension, heart failure, or coronary artery disease (CAD), obese patients have been shown to have a lower cardiac event rate compared with normal weight counterparts. This phenomenon has been termed the "obesity paradox." We sought to determine whether the obesity paradox exists in a cohort of patients referred for stress echocardiography. We evaluated 4,103 patients with suspected CAD (58 ± 13 years; 42% men) undergoing stress echocardiography (52% exercise and 47% dobutamine). ⋯ Patients with a BMI of >30 kg/m(2) had the lowest death rate (1.2%/year) compared with those with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2) (1.75%/year) and 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2) (2.9%/year; p <0.001). After adjusting for significant clinical variables including exercise capacity, patients with higher BMI (>30 kg/m(2) and 25 to 29.9 kg/m(2)) had less risk of mortality compared with those with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.72, p <0.0001 and hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.82, p <0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, higher survival rate in patients with higher BMI as previously described in patients with hypertension, heart failure, and CAD extends to patients with suspected CAD referred for stress echocardiography, independent of exercise capacity.
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Although concentric remodeling (CR) and concentric hypertrophy (CH) are common forms of left ventricular (LV) remodeling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), eccentric hypertrophy (EH) can also occur in these patients. However, clinical characteristics and outcomes of EH have not been well described in HFpEF. We prospectively studied 402 patients with HFpEF, divided into 4 groups based on LV structure: normal geometry (no LV hypertrophy [LVH] and relative wall thickness [RWT] ≤0.42); CR (no LVH and RWT >0.42); CH (LVH and RWT >0.42); and EH (LVH and RWT ≤0.42). ⋯ EH was also associated with increased LV compliance compared with CH (LV end-diastolic volume at an idealized LV end-diastolic pressure of 20 mm Hg β coefficient = 14.2; 95% CI 9.4 to 19.1 ml). Despite these differences, EH and CH had similarly elevated cardiac filling pressures and equivalent adverse outcomes. In conclusion, the presence of EH denotes a distinct subset of HFpEF that is pathophysiologically similar to HF with reduced EF (HFrEF) and may benefit from HFrEF therapy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (from the j-Cypher Registry).
A paucity of data is available from large-scale studies evaluating the long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients who had previously undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the drug-eluting stent era. Of 12,812 patients who had undergone sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in the j-Cypher registry, 919 (7.2%) had a history of CABG and had significantly higher crude 5-year mortality (19.9% vs 14.0%, p <0.001). ⋯ In conclusion, the adjusted mortality was similar between patients with and without previous CABG, despite a significantly different risk of target lesion revascularization. Among the patients with previous CABG, those with saphenous vein graft intervention using a first-generation drug-eluting stent had worse clinical outcomes than those with a native coronary artery target only.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Impact of hypertension on distal embolization, myocardial perfusion, and mortality in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty.
Hypertension is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, data on the impact of hypertension in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are inconsistent and mainly related to studies performed in the thrombolytic era, with very few data on patients undergoing primary angioplasty. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of hypertension on distal embolization, myocardial perfusion, and mortality in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. ⋯ By a mean follow-up of 206 ± 158 days, 70 patients (4.3%) had died. Hypertension was associated with a greater mortality (6.2% vs 2.9%, hazard ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.42 to 3.73, p <0.001), confirmed after correction for baseline confounding factors (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 3.22, p <0.001). In conclusion, this study showed that among patients with STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty, hypertension is associated with impaired reperfusion and independently predicts 1-year mortality.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Relation of admission high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry).
Despite recent therapeutic advances, significant residual risk for in-hospital mortality persists among patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), a known independent predictor of increased cardiovascular events, may be an important modulator of heightened risk after acute MI. We evaluated admission HDL-C levels among 98,276 patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with acute MI from the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry-Get With the Guidelines (ACTION Registry-GWTG) program who were enrolled from 490 United States hospitals from January 2007 to December 2010. ⋯ Among the 26% of patients in the lowest HDL-C quartile (≤30 mg/dl), there was a 16% greater risk of in-hospital mortality compared with patients in the highest HDL-C quartile (p = 0.012). In conclusion, low levels of HDL-C were common in patients admitted with acute MI and were associated with more extensive angiographic coronary disease. Very low levels of admission HDL-C were observed in one-quarter of patients and associated with significantly higher in-hospital mortality.