The American journal of cardiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Prognostic Significance of Discharge Hyponatremia in Heart Failure Patients With Normal Admission Sodium (from the ESCAPE Trial).
Hyponatremia in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is indicative of a poor prognosis and predicts morbidity and mortality. We explored the predictive utility of hyponatremia at the time of hospital discharge among HF patients with normal admission sodium (Na). Characteristics and outcomes of HF patients enrolled in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial, who had normal Na on admission, were compared between those who were hyponatremic (Na <135 meq/L) or normonatremic on discharge. ⋯ Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that discharge hyponatremia did not significantly predict any of the 3 outcomes after adjustment for imbalances at baseline. Among patients with discharge hyponatremia, a poor outcome was more likely if they were also hyponatremic on admission: the composite end point occurred in 69.2% of those also hyponatremic on admission versus 51.2% of those with normal Na on admission but decreased Na on discharge (p = 0.045). Because the median discharge Na level in the discharge hyponatremia group was 132 meq/L, our findings suggest a benign nature of mild discharge hyponatremia in HF patients with normal admission Na.
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Percutaneous edge-to-edge repair using the MitraClip system causes reduction in mitral valve area (MVA). However, its clinical impact is not fully elucidated. This study assessed the impact of postprocedural MVA reduction on pulmonary hypertension and outcomes. ⋯ Postprocedural MVA ≤1.94 cm2 was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization after MitraClip (hazard ratio 4.28, 95% confidence interval 1.56 to 11.7, p = 0.005) even after adjustment for age, gender, atrial fibrillation, cause of MR, left ventricular systolic function, pre-existing pulmonary hypertension, and residual MR. After further adjustment for TMPG ≥5 mm Hg, postprocedural MVA ≤1.94 cm2 remained predictive for adverse outcomes (p = 0.048). In conclusion, the intraprocedural assessment of MVA by 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography can predict hemodynamic response and postprocedural prognosis after MitraClip therapy.
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Multicenter Study
Etiologies, Trends, and Predictors of 30-Day Readmissions in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure.
An estimated half of all heart failure (HF) populations has been categorized to have diastolic HF (DHF), but sparse data are available describing etiologies and predictors of 30-day readmission in DHF population. The study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Database 2013 to 2014, a subset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. DHF was identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 428.3x in primary diagnosis field. ⋯ Predictors of increased readmissions were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.001 to 1.0003, p <0.001), diabetes (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.11, p <0.001), chronic pulmonary disease (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.21, p <0.001), renal failure (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.25, p <0.001), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09, p = 0.002), anemia (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.15, p <0.001), transfusion during index admission (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23, p <0.001), discharge to the facility (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.16, p <0.001), length of stay >2 days, and Charlson comorbidity index ≥3, whereas obesity (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.85, p <0.001), elective admissions (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.94, p <0.001), and non-Medicare/Medicaid primary payer were predictors of lower readmission rate. Most common etiologies of readmission were acute HF (28.01%), infections (9.54%), acute kidney injury (5.35%), acute respiratory failure (4.86%), and pneumonia (3.92%). In conclusion, DHF population with higher comorbidity burden, longer length of stay, and discharge to facility were prone to increased readmissions, with most common etiologies of readmission being HF, infections, and acute kidney injury.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Safety and Efficacy of Uninterrupted Apixaban Therapy Versus Warfarin During Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.
Thromboembolic cerebrovascular accident remains a rare but potentially devastating complication of catheter-based atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Uninterrupted oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin has become the standard of care when performing catheter-based AF ablation. Compared with warfarin, apixaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke and major bleeding in nonvalvular AF. ⋯ There were 8 complications in the warfarin group and 5 complications in the apixaban group (p = 0.38). There were no thromboembolic complications in either group. In conclusion, the use of apixaban is as safe and effective as warfarin for uninterrupted OA therapy during catheter-based ablation of AF.