Praxis
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Male breast cancer is a rare disease. Symptoms and signs resemble breast cancer in women: A palpable mass, enlarged lymph nodes or skin changes (ulceration, secretion, peau d'orange) mandate mammography, ultrasound to assess the regional lymph nodes. ⋯ Tamoxifen, not aromatase inhibitors, is the adjuvant therapy of choice for estrogen receptor positive tumors. Therapy of men with metastatic breast cancer follows the same principles as therapy of women.
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Everything in nature and life is occurring in a rhythmic manner. The major “Zeitgeber” is the change of light and dark during a 24 h day. ⋯ A disruption of the circadian rhythm has a high pathophysiological potential. In this article a few basic issues about the role of circadian rhythms and the pathophysiological importance of desynchronisation are reviewed.