Anaesthesiology intensive therapy
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Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther · Jan 2018
ReviewICU delirium - a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in the intensive care unit.
ICU delirium is a common medical problem occurring in patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). Studies have shown that ICU delirium is associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, prolonged mechanical ventilation, costs and the occurrence of cognitive disoders after discharge from ICU. The tools available for ICU delirium screening and diagnosis are validated tests available for all members if the medical team (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists). ⋯ They have been implemented as Pain, Agitation, Delirium (PAD) Guidelines by the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Apart from monitoring, a strategy of prevention and treatment is recommended, based on non-pharmacological approach (restoration of senses, early mobilization, physiotherapy, improvement in sleep hygiene and family involvement) as well as pharmacological treatment (typical and atypical antipsychotics and dexmedetomidine). In this article, we present the risk factors of ICU delirium, available tools for monitoring, as well as options for prevention and treatment of delirium that can be used to improve care over critically ill patients.
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Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther · Jan 2018
Ultrasound-based assessment of hyomental distances in neutral, ramped, and maximum hyperextended positions, and derived ratios, for the prediction of difficult airway in the obese population: a pilot diagnostic accuracy study.
Ultrasonography-assessed hyomental distance (HMD) ratio has been found to discriminate between obese patients with Cormack-Lehane grades 1 or 2 vs. those with grades 3 or 4. The aim of our study is to evaluate the performance of the HMD evaluated ultrasonographically in neutral, ramped, and maximum hyperextended positions, as well as for the ratios obtained by dividing the HMD in the ramped position to that in the neutral position (HMDR1) and by dividing the HMD in maximum hyperextension to that in the neutral position (HMDR2), in order to predict the occurrence of Cormack-Lehane grades 3 or 4 during direct laryngoscopy. ⋯ HMDR2 seems to have superior diagnostic accuracy in predicting difficult laryngoscopy in the obese population compared to HMDR1, as well as compared to the HMD in the neutral, ramped, and maximum hyperextended positions.
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Either analgosedation or central nervous system dysfunction may be a side effect of implemented pharmacological treatment, as well as a consequence of intentional or unintentional poisoning. In traumatic lesions or anoxia of the central nervous system, a question arises after a recommended follow-up period about the effects of xenobiotics on nervous system function. ⋯ The aim of this paper was to describe the aspects of diagnostic toxicology which are essential for improved determination of the type and amount of exogenous substances present in biological fluids of intensive care patients. We present examples of clinical cases in order to discuss the most common discrepancies in interpretation related to the ordering of toxicology tests.
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Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther · Jan 2018
C-reactive protein level in plasma and drainage blood depends on the method of anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia after hip surgery.
Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) detects the inflammatory response to surgical trauma in hip surgery. It corresponds to the type of surgery, with a higher level of CRP being found in surgery techniques with greater tissue damage. The aim of our study was to analyze the CRP level in serum and drainage blood after hip surgery in patients with coxarthrosis depending on the method of anaesthesia and post-operative analgesia. ⋯ C-reactive protein levels in plasma and drainage blood depends on the method of anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia after hip surgery. Regional anaesthesia/analgesia methods limit one's inflammatory response to surgical trauma detected by CRP.