Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2009
Clinical TrialA gamma scintigraphy study to investigate lung deposition and clearance of inhaled amikacin-loaded liposomes in healthy male volunteers.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhalation of a liposomal formulation of amikacin in healthy male volunteers in terms of pulmonary deposition, clearance, and safety following nebulization with a commercial jet nebulizer. ⋯ Inhalation of a single nominal dose of 120 mg liposomal amikacin results in prolonged retention of drug-loaded liposomes in the lungs of healthy volunteers. The treatment was well tolerated.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Sep 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAerosolization of tobramycin (TOBI) with the PARI LC PLUS reusable nebulizer: which compressor to use? Comparison of the CR60 to the PortaNeb compressor.
Aerosol output, aerosol output rate, and aerosol size distribution are influenced by the compressed air flow rate through the nebulizer cup. Testing a nebulizer-compressor with a drug for inhalation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is mandatory prior to starting therapy. Tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI), TOBI, is licensed in Europe with a recommendation for a "suitable" compressor connected to the PARI LC Plus nebulizer. ⋯ A shorter nebulization time for CR60 of 13.2 min compared to PN 16.1 min (p = 0.022) was observed, which was the main reason why patients preferred the CR60 (n = 7). No toxic serum levels were reached after inhalation of TSI. The CR60 compressor may seem advantageous based on a higher lung deposition and a shorter nebulization time, but a study in a large CF population to provide information on a possible higher risk of toxicity of TSI is called for.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2008
Aerosol delivery through nasal cannulas: an in vitro study.
In most circumstances, a nasal route for the delivery of pulmonary aerosol medications is rarely considered; however, in specific instances, this route may be quite useful. Consider, for example, the delivery of aerosol treatments during humidified high-flow nasal cannula use in pediatric critical care, or continuous aerosol delivery via cannula for medications with short durations of action. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for delivering aerosols via nasal cannula through in vitro studies of aerosol output and size. ⋯ Losses in the nebulizer were very low (2.2-3.5%). This study demonstrates that aerosols can be efficiently delivered through a humidified high-flow nasal cannula system. Further study is required to determine if this route is viable for pulmonary delivery.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2008
Numerical investigation of aerosol deposition at the eyes when using a hood inhaler for infants--a 3D simulation.
A numerical investigation of a hood inhaler is presented, aiming at the assessment of the amount of aerosol that reaches the eyes of the patient when administering medications with such a device. Using a hood for aerosol therapy for infants was already found to be effective and friendly to handle over the commonly used face mask. Using a hood device may adversely deliver unwanted medications to the eyes of the infant. ⋯ However, when the funnel is tilted toward the eyes the amount of aerosol reaching the eyes zone is predicted to be 4.7%. In general, the results obtained in this study are in good agreement with available in vitro data. It can be concluded that using the hood for aerosol therapy results in minimal deposition at the infant's eye area.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Mar 2008
ReviewInhaled prostanoids in the therapy of pulmonary hypertension.
Prostacyclin and prostacyclin analogues are potent vasodilators and possess antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. These properties qualify them as efficient drugs for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, a life-threatening illness characterized by an increase in artery pressure and vascular resistance in the pulmonary circulation. Diseased pulmonary vessels show specific remodeling with intimal fibrosis, medial hypertrophy, and adventitial thickening, as well as functional changes characterized by vasoconstriction and in situ thrombosis. ⋯ Strategies for further improvement of inhaled prostanoid therapy include use of prostacyclin analogues with longer half-life (e.g., treprostinil), combinations with oral drugs (e.g., phosphodiesterase inhibitors or endothelin receptor antagonists) and development of aerosolized controlled release formulations such as liposomes and nanoparticles. The therapy with prostacyclin and its analogues is a main pillar in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, giving new hope to many patients suffering from this terrible disease. With inhaled iloprost, a new drug has enlarged the scope of aerosol therapies for treatment of pulmonary and systemic diseases.