Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2015
Comparative StudyHeterogeneity of Particle Deposition by Pixel Analysis of 2D Gamma Scintigraphy Images.
Heterogeneity of inhaled particle deposition in airways disease may be a sensitive indicator of physiologic changes in the lungs. Using planar gamma scintigraphy, we developed new methods to locate and quantify regions of high (hot) and low (cold) particle deposition in the lungs. ⋯ These methods may provide more sensitive measures of airway function and localization of deposition that might be useful for assessing treatment efficacy in these patients.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2015
Comparative StudyInfluence of inspiratory flow pattern and nebulizer position on aerosol delivery with a vibrating-mesh nebulizer during invasive mechanical ventilation: an in vitro analysis.
Aerosol delivery during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) depends on nebulizer type, placement of the nebulizer and ventilator settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of two inspiratory flow patterns on amikacin delivery with a vibrating-mesh nebulizer placed at different positions on an adult lung model of IMV equipped with a proximal flow sensor (PFS). ⋯ Using similar tidal volume and inspiratory time, a constant flow pattern (30 L/min) delivers a higher amount of amikacin through an endotracheal tube compared to a decelerating inspiratory flow pattern (peak inspiratory flow around 60 L/min). The optimal nebulizer position depends on the inspiratory flow pattern and the presence of a PFS.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Jun 2015
Indacaterol determination in human urine: validation of a liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method.
Indacaterol is a novel once-a-day inhaled ultra-long-acting β2-agonist. Quantitative bioanalysis supports pharmacokinetic and clinical research. The aim of the current work was to validate an in-house developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analytical method for indacaterol determination in human urine samples. ⋯ A specific, accurate and precise HPLC-MS/MS method has been validated for indacaterol quantification in human urine. This simple method is reproducible and robust to support future, indacaterol-related pharmacokinetic, bioequivalence and clinical studies.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Apr 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol extra-fine fixed combination on the peripheral airway inflammation in controlled asthma.
Suppression of small airway inflammation may contribute to achieving asthma control. We aimed to evaluate the additional effect of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol (BDP/F) hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) (BDP/F-HFA 100/6 μg pMDI) on airway inflammation and functional parameters in asthma cases, who were optimally controlled by maintenance therapy. ⋯ These results emphasize that asthma treatment has mainly focused on the strategy to keep the disease under control; maintaining optimal functional level might be underestimated. BDP/F-HFA may have an additional favorable effect on the peripheral airway inflammation in the controlled asthma.
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J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv · Feb 2015
ReviewNebulized medications for the treatment of dyspnea: a literature review.
Dyspnea significantly impacts quality of life and is one of the most common symptoms in advanced illness. Systemically-administered opioids and benzodiazepines have been the most studied and utilized pharmacologic treatments for refractory dyspnea. Less attention has been given to the use of these medications and others when nebulized. This article presents a review of the literature on the use of nebulized medications for the treatment of dyspnea related to cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, or experimentally-induced dyspnea. ⋯ More research is needed to assess the characteristics of specific diseases and the combination of different nebulizers and medications that may yield the greatest benefit, and to assess the safety and efficacy of the chronic use of nebulized opioids and furosemide. Until larger, longer-term studies are completed, the use of nebulized medications to treat dyspnea should be assessed on a case-by-case basis and may be considered if the hoped-for benefits outweigh potential harm.