Drug testing and analysis
-
Drug testing and analysis · Jul 2017
Detection of the designer benzodiazepine metizolam in urine and preliminary data on its metabolism.
Designer benzodiazepines provide an attractive alternative to prescribed benzodiazepines for abuse purposes as they are readily available via the Internet without control. Metizolam was ordered via the Internet and a 2 mg blue tablet was orally administered to a 54-year-old man. Urine samples were collected over 6 days in polypropylene tubes. ⋯ Two authentic urine samples were analyzed using the same analytical method to search for metabolites of metizolam. M1, together with its glucuronide (M1-Glu), and M2 were observed in urine at the 8 h mark, whereas only M1 and M1-Glu were still detected in urine at 30 h post administration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Drug testing and analysis · Jun 2017
Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration.
Oral fluid (OF) is an important matrix for monitoring drugs. Smoking cannabis is common, but vaporization and edible consumption also are popular. OF pharmacokinetics are available for controlled smoked cannabis, but few data exist for vaporized and oral routes. ⋯ This article is a U. S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
-
Drug testing and analysis · Jun 2017
Rapid and sensitive screening and confirmation of thirty-four aminocarbonyl/carboxamide (NACA) and arylindole synthetic cannabinoid drugs in human whole blood.
We describe the development and validation of a method for the screening and confirmation of a range of chemically diverse synthetic cannabinoid drugs in human whole blood. The method targets the better known arylindole compounds as well as the emerging aminocarbonyl/ carboxamide (NACA) compounds. The approach consists of two separate extraction procedures designed to optimize recovery of each of these two classes, followed by analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ⋯ The methods were applied to the analysis of 1142 blood samples from forensic investigations, including post-mortem examinations and driving impairment cases. The drugs most frequently detected were AB-CHMINACA (18.6%), ADB-CHMINACA (15%), XLR-11 (5.5%), AB-FUBINACA (4.5%), AB-PINACA (3.9%), and ADB-FUBINACA (2.3%). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Drug testing and analysis · Apr 2017
Detectability of designer benzodiazepines in CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunochemical screening assays.
The emerging new psychoactive substances made available for recreational drug use have recently started to include designer benzodiazepines. As a consequence, the routine immunoassay drug testing for benzodiazepines may become less effective, due to an increased occurrence of 'false negative' and 'false positive' results. This work aimed to extend the knowledge of analytical cross-reactivity of 13 designer benzodiazepines in the CEDIA, EMIT II Plus, HEIA, and KIMS II immunoassays. ⋯ Overall, the KIMS II and CEDIA immunoassays, which both include enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated forms, showed the highest, and EMIT II Plus the lowest degree of reactivity, for spiked parent substances and authentic urine specimens. The results of this study demonstrated that designer benzodiazepines can be detected in standard urine immunoassay drug screening and this should be taken into consideration when performing confirmation analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Drug testing and analysis · Jan 2017
Analytical characterization of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 16 ring-substituted derivatives.
Many N,N-dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties in humans and the number of derivatives involved in multidisciplinary areas of research has grown over the last few decades. Whereas some derivatives form the basis of a range of medicinal products, others are predominantly encountered as recreational drugs, and in some cases, the areas of therapeutic and recreational use can overlap. In recent years, 5-methoxy-N,N-diallyltryptamine (5-MeO-DALT) has appeared as a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and 'research chemical' whereas 4-acetoxy-DALT and the ring-unsubstituted DALT have only been detected very recently. ⋯ A comprehensive collection of spectral data was obtained that are provided to research communities who face the challenge of encountering newly emerging substances where analytical data are not available. These data are also relevant to researchers who might wish to explore the clinical and non-clinical uses of these substances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.