PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation
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Comparative Study
Intra-articular hip injections using ultrasound guidance: accuracy using a linear array transducer.
To describe the accuracy of sonographically guided intra-articular hip injections with a linear array transducer. ⋯ This retrospective review suggests that physicians who use a linear array transducer can accurately perform intra-articular hip injections in an outpatient setting.
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Comparative Study
Hospital-acquired symptomatic urinary tract infection in patients admitted to an academic stroke center affects discharge disposition.
To test the role of hospital-acquired symptomatic urinary tract infection (SUTI) as an independent predictor of discharge disposition in the acute stroke patient. ⋯ Acute stroke patients with hospital-acquired SUTI are less likely to be discharged home. In our analysis, if poststroke care is necessary, then patients with SUTI are more likely to receive inpatient stroke rehabilitation at the level of care suggestive of lower functional status. For every point increase in NIHSS, stroke patients with SUTI are 10.6% more likely to require continued rehabilitation care in a long-term acute care facility versus a skilled nursing facility compared with 5.6% for patients without SUTI. The combination of premorbid urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection has no additional impact on discharge disposition. This study is limited by its retrospective nature and the undetermined role of psychosocial factors related to discharge. Prospective studies are warranted on the efficacy of early catheter discontinuation, identification of new-onset urinary incontinence, use of genitourinary barriers, and catheter care every shift as variables that can decrease the risk of infection. The information obtained from prospective studies will have an impact on resource use that is of prime importance in the current health care climate.
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Case Reports
A comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a Morel-Lavallée lesion of the knee.
A Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a posttraumatic soft-tissue injury characterized by an accumulation of blood, lymph, and other physiologic breakdown products between subcutaneous tissue and underlying fascia. It was first described as occurring over the proximal lateral thigh, but it has since been documented at various anatomic locations. Diagnosis is typically made by careful physical examination and a radiographic analysis, most commonly with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ We obtained magenetic resonance (MRI) and US images at the time of diagnosis, and follow-up US images during convalescence. By doing so, we were able to identify several key sonographic findings of an MLL at this location and compare them with MRI. Although there have been several published reports to date that describe the use of musculoskeletal US in the diagnosis of MLL, this is the first of which we are aware that does so at the knee.
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Comparative Study
Indium 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid scintigraphy in the identification and management of intrathecal pump malfunction.
Intrathecal drug-delivery systems have become widely used tools in the management of refractory chronic pain and spasticity. Because increasing numbers of patients are using these systems, rehabilitation specialists frequently are the initial care providers who identify clinical signs and symptoms indicating possible complications relating to the implanted system. Identification of a pump malfunction often presents a diagnostic challenge. Distinguishing among progression of disease, new organic problems, and/or drug-device complications is critical. The use of nuclear medicine indium 111 diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) studies represents a highly effective, straightforward, minimally invasive way to assess implant function and drug distribution. ⋯ Indium 111 DTPA scintigraphy is a safe, straightforward way to identify and characterize clinical changes associated with intrathecal drug-delivery systems and to guide appropriate and clinical surgical management.
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Comparative Study
Predictors of patient-reported recovery from motor or sensory deficits two years after acute symptomatic lumbar disk herniation.
To determine the prevalence of patient-reported recovery from motor or sensory deficits over 2 years of follow-up after acute symptomatic lumbar disk herniation and to identify predictors of perceived recovery. ⋯ Patient-reported recovery from motor deficits after lumbar disk herniation occurs for 75% of patients over 2 years, but recovery from sensory deficits over this time frame occurs in only 53% of patients. A positive straight-leg raise test and female gender may predict poor recovery from motor and sensory deficits, respectively.