Journal of clinical psychology
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Used a measure of reduction in experienced control to investigate two aspects of the learned helplessness model of depression. Consistent with this model, psychiatric inpatients who reported reduced control over life events prior to hospitalization were significantly more depressed than individuals who reported no such reductions. ⋯ These results were interpreted as supporting the specificity of learned helplessness to depression. It was suggested that research on learned helplessness and depression, which has relied on college student analogues, can be complemented profitably by studies of reduced experience control within clinical populations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level.
Two weeks of twice-daily practice of the transcendental Meditation (TM) technique was compared with 2 weeks of twice-daily practice of passive relaxation as a means of reduction of anxiety, as measured by the Trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Thirty-three graduate and undergraduate students were assigned randomly to a relaxation group and a TM group. After a 2-week experimental interval, the relaxation and meditation Ss, as well as between conditions of the relaxation-mediation group; TM was significantly more effective in reducing anxiety level. Thus, the anxiety-reducing effect of the practice of TM cannot be attributed merely to sitting quietly twice daily, although additional research must determine the extent to which S expectations for change contributed to this effect.
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Canonical correlation analysis was used to investigate the overall relationship between the Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) and the Work Motivation Inventory (WMI). The results indicated that the two instruments shared two independent components which accounted for 30% of their total variance. The results provide some support for the validity of both devices and provide a link between the factorially constructed 16PF and Maslow's personality theory.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of Bender-Gestalt and WISC correlations for Puerto Rican, White and Negro children.
Correlations between Bender-Gestalt scores and WISC IQs were obtained for three ethnic groups of 123 Puerto Rican, 82 white, and 61 Negro children in the first grade. The Bender-Gestalt test did not show any significant relationship with the WISC scores of the Puerto Rican children. ⋯ For the white Ss, the WISC-Bender relationship was significant (p less than .01) only for the Performance and Full Scale scores. The absence of a significant correlation between the Bender and the WISC Verbal IQ in these children was attributed to the relative superiority of their Verbal scores.